Editing Music sequencer (section)

=== Analog sequencers ===
{{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal
 | <!-- image1   = Buchla 250e Arbitrary Function Generator.jpg| width1 = 132 -->
 | <!-- caption1 = [[Buchla 200e|Buchla 250e]] Arbitrary Function Generator (2004)<br />seems influenced <br />by [[Raymond Scott#Electronics and research|Circle Machine]] -->
 | image2   = Buchla 100 series at NYU.jpg| width2 = 132
 | caption2 = Early commercially available analog sequencers (bottom) on [[Buchla]] 100 (1964/1966)<ref name=holmes2008a>
{{cite book
 | last      = Holmes | first = Thom
 | year      = 2008
 | title     = Electronic and experimental music: technology, music, and culture
 | edition   = 3rd
 | publisher = Routledge
 | isbn      = 978-0-415-95781-6
 | page      = [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0uTAgAAQBAJ&q=Buchla+100+sequencer&pg=PA222 222]
 | quote     = <span style="font-size:90%;">Moog admired Buchla's work, recently stating that Buchla designed a system not only for "making new sounds but [for] making textures out of these sounds by specifying when these sounds could change and how regular those change would be."</span>
}}
</ref><!-- Temporarily comment out (can't re-verify enough): <ref name=miller2001>
{{citation
 | last      = Miller | first = David
 | year      = 2001   | date = May 9, 2001
 | title     = personal communication with Thom Holmes
}}
  </ref> -->
 | image3 = 1st commercial Moog synthesizer (1964, commissioned by the Alwin Nikolai Dance Theater of NY) @ Stearns Collection (Stearns 2035), University of Michigan.jpg| width3 = 132
 | caption3 = Moog sequencer module (top left, probably added after 1968) on <!-- the 1st commercial --> [[Moog modular synthesizer|Moog Modular]] (1964)
}}
{{Main|Analog sequencer}}
{{expand section|date=April 2017}}

During the 1940s–1960s, [[Raymond Scott]], an American composer of electronic music, invented various kind of music sequencers for his electric compositions.  The "Wall of Sound", once covered on the wall of his studio in New York during the 1940s–1950s, was an [[electro-mechanical]] sequencer to produce rhythmic patterns, consisting of stepping [[relay]]s (used on [[dial pulse]] [[telephone exchange]]), [[solenoid]]s, control switches, and tone circuits with 16 individual [[electronic oscillator|oscillators]].<ref name=wallofsound>
{{cite web
 |title       = Wall of Sound (sequencer)
 |url         = https://raymondscott.com/1946.htm
 |work        = RaymondScott.com
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20111113023228/http://raymondscott.com/1946.htm
 |archive-date = 2011-11-13
}}
</ref>  Later, [[Robert Moog]] would explain it in such terms as "the whole room would go 'clack – clack – clack', and the sounds would come out all over the place".<ref name=memories/>
The Circle Machine, developed in 1959, had [[incandescent bulbs]] each with its own [[rheostat]], arranged in a ring, and a rotating arm with [[photocell]] scanning over the ring, to generate an arbitrary waveform. Also, the rotating speed of the arm was controlled via the brightness of lights, and as a result, arbitrary rhythms were generated.<ref name=circlemachine>
{{cite web
 |title       = Circle Machine
 |url         = https://raymondscott.com/circle.html
 |work        = RaymondScott.com
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927232227/http://raymondscott.com/circle.html
 |archive-date = 2011-09-27
}}—includes 2 sound files: Raymond Scott's demonstration, and commercial soundtrack for new batteries of [[Ford Motors]].
</ref>
The first electronic sequencer was invented by Raymond Scott, using [[thyratron]]s and [[relay]]s.<ref>[https://www.raymondscott.net/docs/RS-Artifacts.pdf Raymond Scott Artifacts], p. 13</ref>

[[Clavivox]], developed since 1952, was a kind of keyboard synthesizer with sequencer.{{Verify source|date=November 2011|reason=Although it was quoted phrase from the article [[Clavivox]], "sequencer" function on Clavivox seems to be not found on any sources. Possibly it was confused with the film-based portamento function.}}  On its prototype, a [[theremin]] manufactured by young Robert Moog was utilized to enable [[portamento]] over 3-octave range, and on later version, it was replaced by a pair of [[photographic film]] and photocell for controlling the pitch by [[voltage]].<ref name=memories>
{{cite web
 |last        = Moog
 |first       = Robert
 |title       = Memories of Raymond Scott
 |url         = https://raymondscott.com/moog.html
 |work        = RaymondScott.com
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20111106035451/http://raymondscott.com/moog.html
 |archive-date = 2011-11-06
}}</ref>

In 1968, [[Ralph Lundsten]] and [[Leo Nilsson]] had a polyphonic synthesizer with sequencer called [[Andromatic]] built for them by [[Erkki Kurenniemi]].<ref>
{{cite web
 |last        = Städje
 |first       = Jörgen
 |date        = 2012-10-06
 |title       = Andromatic, den automatiska andromedaren
 |url         = https://www.idg.se/2.1085/1.445306/andromatic-den-automatiska-andromedaren
 |publisher   = International Data Group (IDG)
 |url-status  = live
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121007224640/http://www.idg.se/2.1085/1.445306/andromatic-den-automatiska-andromedaren
 |archive-date = 2012-10-07
}}</ref>