Editing Mummy (section)

=== Africa ===
In addition to the mummies of Egypt, there have been instances of mummies being discovered in other areas of the [[African continent]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Steyn|first1=Maryna|last2=Binneman|first2=Johan|last3=Loots|first3=Marius|date=2007|title=The Kouga Mummified Human Remains|url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/5758/Steyn_Kouga(2007).pdf?sequence=1|journal=South African Archaeological Bulletin|volume=62|pages=3–8}}</ref> The bodies show a mix of anthropogenic and spontaneous mummification, with some being thousands of years old.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Aufderheide|first1=Arthur C.|last2=Zlonis|first2=Michael|last3=Cartmell|first3=Larry L.|last4=Zimmerman|first4=Michael R.|last5=Sheldrick|first5=Peter|last6=Cook|first6=Megan|last7=Molto|first7=Joseph E.|date=1999|title=Human Mummification Practices at Ismant el-Kharab|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3822436|journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology|volume=85|pages=197–210|doi=10.2307/3822436|jstor=3822436|issn=0307-5133}}</ref>

==== Canary Islands ====
[[File:MNH - Mumie Mann 1.jpg|250px|thumb|Guanche mummy in [[Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre]] ([[Tenerife]], [[Spain]]).]]
{{Main|Guanche mummies}}
The mummies of the [[Canary Islands]] belong to the [[indigenous peoples|indigenous]] [[Guanches|Guanche]] people and date to the time before 14th-century Spanish explorers settled in the area. All deceased people within the Guanche culture were mummified during this time, though the level of care taken with embalming and burial varied depending on individual social status. Embalming was carried out by specialized groups, organized according to gender, who were considered unclean by the rest of the community. The techniques for embalming were similar to those of the ancient Egyptians, involving evisceration, preservation, and stuffing of the evacuated bodily cavities, then wrapping the body in animal skins. Despite the successful techniques utilized by the Guanche, very few mummies remain due to looting and desecration.<ref name="Horne">{{cite journal |last2=Ireland |first2=Robert |last1=Horne |first1=Patrick |title=Moss and a Guanche Mummy: An Unusual Utilization |journal=The Bryologist |year=1991 |volume=94 |issue=4 |page=407 |jstor=3243832 |publisher=American Bryological and Lichenological Society |doi=10.2307/3243832}}</ref><ref name="Cockburn">{{harvnb|Cockburn|Cockburn|Reyman|1998|p=284}}</ref>

==== Libya ====

The mummified remains of an infant were discovered during an expedition by archaeologist [[Fabrizio Mori]] to [[Libya]] during the winter of 1958–1959 in the natural cave structure of [[Uan Muhuggiag]].{{sfn|Cockburn|Cockburn|Reyman|1998|p=281}} After curious deposits and cave paintings were discovered on the surfaces of the cave, expedition leaders decided to excavate. Uncovered alongside fragmented animal bone tools was the mummified body of an infant, wrapped in animal skin and wearing a necklace made of ostrich egg shell beads. Professor Tongiorgi of the University of Pisa radiocarbon-dated the infant to between 5,000 and 8,000 years old. A long incision located on the right abdominal wall, and the absence of internal organs, indicated that the body had been eviscerated [[Autopsy|post-mortem]], possibly in an effort to preserve the remains.{{sfn|Cockburn|Cockburn|Reyman|1998|p=282}} A bundle of herbs found within the body cavity also supported this conclusion.<ref name=Time>{{cite news|title=Science: Older than Egypt?|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,865145,00.html|access-date=13 November 2013|newspaper=Time|date=21 December 1959}}</ref> Further research revealed that the child had been around 30 months old at the time of death, though gender could not be determined due to poor preservation of the sex organs.{{sfn|Cockburn|Cockburn|Reyman|1998|pp=281–282}}<ref name=Wan>{{cite web|title=Wan Muhuggiag|url=http://www.temehu.com/wan-muhuggiag.htm|access-date=13 November 2013}}</ref>

==== South Africa ====
The first mummy to be discovered in [[South Africa]]<ref name=DeemKhoi>{{cite web |last=Deem |first=James |title=Khoi Mummy |url=http://www.mummytombs.com/mummylocator/group/khoi.htm |access-date=13 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103051319/http://www.mummytombs.com/mummylocator/group/khoi.htm |archive-date=3 November 2013 }}</ref> was found in the [[Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve|Baviaanskloof Wilderness Area]] by Dr. [[Johan Binneman]] in 1999.<ref name=SARoutes>{{cite web|title=Baviaanskloof Wilderness Area |url=http://www.routes.co.za/naturereserves/baviaanskloof/ |publisher=SA Routes |access-date=13 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113091947/https://www.routes.co.za/naturereserves/baviaanskloof/ |archive-date=13 November 2013 }}</ref><ref name=Smith>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Rodger |title=Ancient Communications |url=http://www.languageofthewilderness.nl/upload/Rock%20Art%20Survey%20Part%201.pdf |publisher=Vodacom SA |access-date=13 November 2013 |date=September 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113090915/http://www.languageofthewilderness.nl/upload/Rock%20Art%20Survey%20Part%201.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nicknamed Moses, the mummy was estimated to be around 2,000 years old.<ref name=DeemKhoi /><ref name=SARoutes /> After being linked to the indigenous [[Khoikhoi|Khoi]] culture of the region, the National Council of Khoi Chiefs of South Africa began to make legal demands that the mummy be returned shortly after the body was moved to the Albany Museum in [[Grahamstown]].<ref name=Khan>{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Farook |title=Khoi chiefs want their mummy back |url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/khoi-chiefs-want-their-mummy-back-1.16968#.UoMuC_mThM4 |newspaper=Independent Online |access-date=13 November 2013}}</ref>