Editing Mobil (section)

==Mobil outside of the United States==
=== Mobil UK ===
Vacuum Oil Company started selling lubricating oils in Europe in the late 19th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Southard |first=Frank A. |title=American Industry in Europe |date=2000 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-19013-8 |pages=65-66 |language=en}}</ref> In 1885, the company established its European marketing organization in Liverpool, setting up small works in 1896 and 1901.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandler |first=Alfred Dupont |title=Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism |last2=Hikino |first2=Takashi |last3=Chandler |first3=Alfred D. |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-674-02938-5 |pages=639 |language=en}}</ref> By the 1930s its Mobiloil had become one of the main brands. Mobil gradually expanded its operation into fuels retailing as well, and opened its first [[United Kingdom|UK]] service stations in the early 1950s, after the wartime POOL monopoly was disbanded. Mobil grew to become the seventh largest brand of petrol in Britain, supplying 1,990 outlets in 1965, and claimed in the mid-1960s to be the first company to operate 100 self-service stations. As well as its downstream interests, Mobil was active in the [[North Sea oil|North Sea]] and operated an oil refinery in [[Coryton Refinery|Coryton]] (opened in 1953), on the [[Thames estuary]]. In 1996, Mobil's fuels operations in Europe were placed into a joint venture 70% owned by [[BP]], and the Mobil brand disappeared from service stations. Mobil continued to sell lubricants through BP and independent service stations. Following Mobil's merger with Exxon, at the start of 2000 BP acquired all the petrol retailing assets as well as the Coryton refinery (but sold it to [[Petroplus]] in 2007). Mobil returned to being purely a lubricant brand in Europe, and became the premium quality oil on sale at [[Esso]] service stations.{{Cn|date=November 2024}}

=== Mobil Australia ===
{{see also|ExxonMobil Australia}}
[[File:TV 4872, NRM, 2014.JPG|thumb|left|A preserved ex-[[South Australian Railways]] tank wagon in Plume brand livery. Plume was then replaced by Mobilgas]]
The Vacuum Oil Company began operating in Australia in 1895, introducing its Plume brand of petrol in 1916. The Flying Red Horse ([[Pegasus]]) logo was introduced in 1939, and in 1954, the Plume brand was replaced by Mobilgas.

Mobil Australia's corporate office is in [[Melbourne]]. In 1946, Mobil began construction of its refinery at [[Altona, Victoria|Altona]], in Melbourne's western suburbs, which originally produced lubricating oils and [[bitumen]], before commencing the production of motor vehicle fuels in 1956. A second refinery at [[Port Stanvac Refinery|Port Stanvac]], south of [[Adelaide]], came on-stream in 1963, but was closed in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.austarnet.com.au/jamieson/mobilgas.html |title=Jamieson oil industry history |publisher=Home.austarnet.com.au |access-date=2010-07-25 |archive-date=2010-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903134922/http://home.austarnet.com.au/jamieson/mobilgas.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mobil commenced removal of the refinery in July 2009, together with site remediation works.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exxonmobil.com.au/Australia-English/PA/news_releases_20090625.aspx |title=Mobil news |publisher=Exxonmobil.com.au |date=2009-06-25 |access-date=2010-07-25 |archive-date=2011-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301054142/http://exxonmobil.com.au/Australia-English/PA/news_releases_20090625.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Mobil and McDonald's McCafe Leeton.jpg|thumb|350px|Mobil station and [[McDonald's]] restaurant in [[Leeton, New South Wales|Leeton]], New South Wales, Australia, in 2008]]
In 1985, Mobil swapped its Western Australian retail market with a large portion of BP's South Australian, Victorian and New South Wales retail market in a major asset swap.<ref name=history_au>{{cite web|url=https://www.exxonmobil.com.au/company/who-we-are/mobil-history|title=Mobil history|website=ExxonMobil Australia|access-date=14 October 2022}}</ref> In 1990, Mobil acquired the service station and refining network of [[ExxonMobil Australia|Esso Australia]].<ref name=history_au/> This also resulted in Mobil's full ownership of Petroleum Refineries (Australia) Pty Ltd, which also operated the Altona and Adelaide Refineries. In December 1995, Mobil re-entered the West Australian retail fuel market when it purchased the Amgas service station network and related business.<ref name=history_au/>

On 27 May 2009, [[Ampol|Caltex Australia]] announced it would be acquiring 302 Mobil service stations in Melbourne, [[Brisbane]], [[Sydney]] and Adelaide, subject to approval of the [[Australian Competition & Consumer Commission]] (ACCC).<ref>{{cite news | first = John | last = Durie | date = May 27, 2009 | url = http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25545618-5013408,00.html | title = Caltex pumps for control | newspaper = [[The Australian]] | access-date = 2010-07-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090601141800/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0%2C25197%2C25545618-5013408%2C00.html | archive-date = June 1, 2009 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The ACCC subsequently announced its opposition to the takeover, citing the likelihood of increased fuel prices due to diminished competition.<ref>{{Citation | title = Watchdog blocks Caltex bid | newspaper = [[Sydney Morning Herald]] | url = http://www.smh.com.au/business/watchdog-blocks-caltex-bid-for-mobil-servos-20091202-k5cz.html | access-date = 2009-03-12 | first = Jamie | last = Freed | archive-date = 2009-12-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091205051657/http://www.smh.com.au/business/watchdog-blocks-caltex-bid-for-mobil-servos-20091202-k5cz.html | url-status = live }}</ref>

On 27 May 2010, [[7-Eleven]] announced that it had acquired Mobil's Australian network of 295 service stations, with fuel still to be supplied by Mobil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exxonmobil.com.au/Australia-English/PA/news_releases_20100527.aspx|title=Mobil sells Australian retail network to 7-Eleven|publisher=ExxonMobil|date=27 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428050303/http://www.exxonmobil.com.au/Australia-English/PA/news_releases_20100527.aspx|archive-date=28 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Exxon Mobil sells service station network | newspaper = The Australian | date = 27 May 2010 | url = http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/industry-sectors/exxon-mobil-sells-petrol-station-network-to-7-eleven/story-e6frg9h6-1225872179012 | access-date = 27 May 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 22 September 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210922181614/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/industry-sectors/exxon-mobil-sells-petrol-station-network-to-7-eleven/story-e6frg9h6-1225872179012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afr.com/companies/exxonmobil-sells-295-service-stations-to-7-eleven-20100527-ivh02|title=ExxonMobil sells 295 service stations to 7-Eleven|publisher=Australian Financial Review|date=27 May 2010|access-date=14 October 2022}}</ref> At the same time, it was announced that out of the 295 stations, 7-Eleven had sold 29 South Australian service stations to [[Peregrine Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afr.com/markets/commodities/7-eleven-buys-mobil-sites-20100528-ivgu2|title=7-Eleven buys Mobil sites|publisher=Australian Financial Review|date=28 May 2010|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref> Peregrine's acquisition saw Mobil's sites in [[South Australia]] rebranded to On the Run (later [[OTR (convenience store)|OTR]]) convenience stores, but they continued to be supplied by Mobil until most were switched to [[BP]]. Meanwhile, since January 2012, all fuel in 7-Eleven stores is supplied by Mobil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exxonmobil.com.au/Australia-English/PA/news_releases_20110610.aspx|title=Mobil secures 7-Eleven fuels supply contract|publisher=ExxonMobil|date=10 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428050255/http://www.exxonmobil.com.au/Australia-English/PA/news_releases_20110610.aspx|archive-date=28 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> 7-Eleven store renovations and openings since 2014 have included prominent placement of the Mobil logo (as the advertised fuel supplier), usually underneath the 7-Eleven logo, on main signage as well as on petrol pumps.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exxonmobil.com.au/Australia-English/PA/news_releases_20140109_mobil.aspx|title=ExxonMobil and 7-Eleven sign agreement to return Mobil brand to 7-Eleven network in Australia|date=9 January 2014|publisher=ExxonMobil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310001653/http://www.exxonmobil.com.au/Australia-English/PA/news_releases_20140109_mobil.aspx|archive-date=10 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Mobil Albury January 2024 2.jpg|thumb|Mobil station in [[Albury, New South Wales|Albury]], New South Wales, Australia, in January 2024]]
After the 7-Eleven sale, Mobil has since returned to the country with its own-branded service stations. {{as of|2022|10}}, Mobil operates 229 own-branded service stations across the country; the majority in the Australian east coast (except Tasmania) and South Australia. There were also a few in Western Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mobil.com.au/en-au/find-station/?longitude1=66.53818843707724&longitude2=-170.41493656292278&latitude1=-43.361675299889946&latitude2=-4.264991397876822&zoom=4|title=Find a petrol station near you|website=Mobil Australia|access-date=14 October 2022}}</ref>

=== Mobil New Zealand ===
Mobil is the oldest oil company in New Zealand. Its kerosene first appeared in the country under the Standard Oil brand in the 1870s. Early in 1896, Vacuum Oil of New York established a marketing office on Featherston Street in Wellington selling lamp oil and harness grease. It brought with it extensive collective production, marketing and management skills that presented a major advancement in business organisation. The company's unrivaled mineral lubricant products and associated services quickly dominated the market.<ref name="Mobil">{{cite web |title=Mobil |url=https://www.mobil.co.nz/en-nz |website=mobil.co.nz |publisher=[[ExxonMobil]]}}</ref>

[[File:Marilyn Kennedy and Murray Herbert, Waiouru, New Zealand, 1969 - Flickr - PhillipC.jpg|thumb|Mobil station in New Zealand (1969). As Vacuum Oil, it was the first oil company to establish an office in New Zealand.]]
When New Zealanders began taking to the motorcar in the early twentieth century, Vacuum Oil expanded into the oil refining business. Its marketing network and transportation fleet grew as it extended its range of operation. The company continued to meet New Zealand's fuel needs throughout World War One, holding roughly 85 percent of the market. After the war, Vacuum Oil began facing very strong competition, with a number of multinational oil companies which establishing operations in New Zealand. Among these competitors was the Atlantic Union Oil Company, another of the companies from which ExxonMobil is descended.

Atlantic Union was bought by the New Jersey–based Standard Oil Company, which would later become Exxon, and its eastern hemisphere interests were merged with those of Socony-Vacuum Oil Company to create the Standard-Vacuum Oil Company. The new company continued operations in New Zealand under both the Vacuum and Atlantic Union brand names.

On November 30, 1999, Exxon Corporation and Mobil Oil Corporation merged with Mobil Oil New Zealand Limited now owned by new entity ExxonMobil. The company currently owns a 17.2 percent share in The New Zealand Refining Company Limited which operates an oil refinery at [[Marsden Point]]. It supplies roughly 20 percent of the total fuels market in New Zealand, for which most of its products are sourced from the Marsden Point refinery. Mobil Oil New Zealand Limited has more than 150 locations across the country, some of which are franchisee-owned. It also operates six storage locations across the country and maintains a reputation as a dominant petroleum company in New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/worldwide-operations/locations/new-zealand/about/business-overview|title=Mobil Oil New Zealand Limited is New Zealand's oldest oil company, with predecessor companies having first established a presence in the country in 1896.|website=ExxonMobil|access-date=2016-06-27|archive-date=2016-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818112707/http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/worldwide-operations/locations/new-zealand/about/business-overview|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/worldwide-operations/locations/new-zealand/about/operations?parentId=3c960acd-bad7-4dc6-9605-0139e8e1dbf9|title=ExxonMobil subsidiaries have a business history in New Zealand stretching back more than 120 years. We are involved in petroleum refining and distribution and the marketing of fuels, lubricants and chemical products.|website=ExxonMobil|access-date=2016-06-27|archive-date=2016-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818122908/http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/worldwide-operations/locations/new-zealand/about/operations?parentId=3c960acd-bad7-4dc6-9605-0139e8e1dbf9|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mobil.co.nz/en/our-stations |title=Mobil stations &#124; Mobil New Zealand |access-date=2016-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813145227/https://www.mobil.co.nz/en/our-stations |archive-date=2016-08-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Mobil New Zealand has 167 stations as of 2022, including 68 in Auckland. Its stations included 121 company-owned and 46 franchisee-owned outlets.<ref name="Mobil" />

=== Mobil in Japan ===
[[File:Mobil Kokudo SS(Minamisoma City).jpg|thumb|Mobil station in Japan, 2008]]
Since the 1960s, Esso and Mobil stations in Japan had been run by Tōnen General Sekiyu, which had a controlling stake owned by ExxonMobil. In 2012, the company bought out much of ExxonMobil's stake, reducing it to a 22% minority. In 2016, ExxonMobil sold the remainder of its stake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/exxon-mobil-to-sell-its-japanese-arm-for-3-9-billion/|title=Exxon Mobil to Sell Its Japanese Arm for $3.9 Billion|last=Merced|first=Michael J. de la|date=January 29, 2012|website=The New York Times|access-date=December 4, 2018|archive-date=December 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205003724/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/exxon-mobil-to-sell-its-japanese-arm-for-3-9-billion/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, the company announced that it would merge with JX Group to form [[JXTG Holdings]], with its petroleum business operating as [[JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy]]. Following the merger, it was announced that both the Esso and Mobil brands would be phased out by 2020, and replaced by the [[Eneos]] EneJet banner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Gas-station-merger-will-end-Esso-and-Mobil-s-long-run-in-Japan|title=Gas station merger will end Esso and Mobil's long run in Japan|website=Nikkei Asian Review|access-date=2018-12-04|archive-date=2018-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205003818/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Gas-station-merger-will-end-Esso-and-Mobil-s-long-run-in-Japan|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Mobil in Canada ===
[[File:Mobil at Real Canadian Superstore Regina.jpg|thumb|right|A Mobil gas station in [[Regina, Saskatchewan]] outside a [[Real Canadian Superstore]].]]
In April 2017, [[Loblaw Companies]] sold its network of 213 gas stations (all of which are attached to its various grocery store locations with the exception of its McKercher Drive and Edinburgh Place location off 8th Street East in [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]], which the pumps at that one is operated by a [[7-Eleven]] location that was converted to Mobil in the summer of 2023) to [[Brookfield Business Partners]]. Brookfield (operating as BG Fuels)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=New south end gas station to celebrate grand opening on Saturday |url=https://www.guelphtoday.com/local-news/new-south-end-gas-station-to-celebrate-grand-opening-on-saturday-1753486 |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=GuelphToday.com |date=17 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref> announced that it would license the Mobil brand from ExxonMobil for use on these locations, making them a sister to [[Imperial Oil]]'s network of Esso-branded gas stations in Canada. As part of the sale agreement, the Mobil stations continue to offer Loblaw's [[PC Optimum]] rewards program (which Esso also joined the following year).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/loblaws-pc-optimum-esso-1.4573927|title=Esso moves to affiliate itself with PC Optimum, no longer Aeroplan, in loyalty point switch|work=CBC News|access-date=2018-03-14|archive-date=2018-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313220615/http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/loblaws-pc-optimum-esso-1.4573927|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/loblaw-gas-station-brookfield-1.4075290|title=Mobil brand of gas stations to launch in Canada after deal for 213 Loblaws-owned locations|work=CBC News|access-date=2017-10-28|archive-date=2017-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108164453/http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/loblaw-gas-station-brookfield-1.4075290|url-status=live}}</ref>

BG Fuels stated that it would open further Mobil stations beyond the Loblaw properties.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.retail-insider.com/retail-insider/2018/7/mobil-nears-completion-of-rebranding-200-loblaw-gas-stations|title=Mobil Nears Completion of Rebranding 200 Loblaw Gas Stations|work=Retail Insider|access-date=2018-10-06|archive-date=2018-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006154759/https://www.retail-insider.com/retail-insider/2018/7/mobil-nears-completion-of-rebranding-200-loblaw-gas-stations|url-status=live}}</ref> BG Fuels later merged with Greenergy, and adopted the new brand Waypoint for convenience stores associated with its fuel properties.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=BG Fuels will trade as Greenergy. |url=https://www.greenergy.com/bg-fuels-to-trade-as-greenergy-following-merger |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=www.greenergy.com}}</ref>

=== Mobil Egypt ===
In Egypt, ExxonMobil's operations started in 1902, it is known for providing lubricants and fuels as well as convenience products. It offers more than 350 service stations, more than 40 Mobil 1 centers and a variety of industrial products, lubrication programs and services. Some stations in [[Cairo]], [[Alexandria]] and [[Giza]] feature On the Run convenience stores.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/worldwide-operations/locations/egypt#About|title=Learn about ExxonMobil's operations in Egypt|website=ExxonMobil|access-date=2018-07-03|archive-date=2018-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704034551/http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/worldwide-operations/locations/egypt#About|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://fuels.mobil.com.eg|title=Petrol and Diesel Service Stations in Egypt - Mobil|website=fuels.mobil.com.eg|access-date=2022-01-25|archive-date=2020-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724024226/https://fuels.mobil.com.eg/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Mobil Portugal ===
Vacuum Oil Company started its operations in [[Portugal]] in 1896. In 1941, it became the Socony-Vacuum Oil Company and in 1952, it was renamed Socony Vacuum Portuguesa. In 1955, it became the Mobil Oil Portuguesa. Vacuum Oil was involved in the support of the first auto sports events in Portugal, as well as being responsible for the edition of first road maps and auto drivers guides in the country. Between 1920 and 1928, Vacuum Oil had an important role in the [[Road signs in Portugal|traffic signage of the roads of Portugal]], installing thousands of road signs which included the identification of their sponsor, making the company known throughout the country. Along its history, Mobil was pioneer in a number of aspect of the oil business in the country, including the introduction of the first metering pumps, the first network of self-service filling stations and the first motorway service area. The Mobil brand disappeared from the Portuguese service stations in 1996, in the scope of the European joint-venture with BP. In 2000, at the time being the oldest oil company operating in Portugal, Mobil Oil Portuguesa was acquired by BP and disbanded.<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://restosdecoleccao.blogspot.com/2014/06/mobil-oil-portuguesa.html|title=Mobil Oil Portuguesa|website=restosdecoleccao.blogspot.com/|access-date=2022-12-20}}</ref>