Editing Menhaden (section)

==Cultural significance==
After menhaden had been identified as a valuable alternative to [[whale oil]] in the 1870s, the menhaden fishery on the Chesapeake was worked by predominantly African-American crews on open boats hauling [[Seine fishing|purse seines]]. The men employed [[sea chanties]] to help synchronize the hauling of the nets. These chanties pulled from West African, blues, and gospel sources and created a uniquely African American culture of chanty singing. By the late 1950s, hydraulic winches replaced the large crews of manual haulers, and the menhaden chanty tradition declined.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Harold|date=January–February 2000|title=Menhaden Chanteys: An African American Maritime Legacy|url=https://www.mdsg.umd.edu/sites/default/files/files/MN18_1_MenhadenChanteys.PDF|url-status=live|journal=Maryland Marine Notes|location=College Park, Maryland|publisher=[[University System of Maryland|Maryland Sea Grant College]]|volume=18|pages=1–6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324034410/https://www.mdsg.umd.edu/sites/default/files/files/MN18_1_MenhadenChanteys.PDF|archive-date=24 March 2019|number=1}}</ref>