Editing Measles (section)

==Epidemiology==
{{Main|Epidemiology of measles}}

[[File:Measles world map-Deaths per million persons-WHO2012.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|Deaths from measles per million persons in 2012 {{Div col|small=yes|colwidth=10em}}{{legend|#b3b3b3|no data}}{{legend|#ffff20|0}}{{legend|#ff9a20|1–8}}{{legend|#f08015|9–26}}{{legend|#e06815|27–38}}{{legend|#d85010|39–73}}{{legend|#d02010|74–850}}{{div col end}}]]
[[File:Measles world map - DALY - WHO2004.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|[[Disability-adjusted life year]] for measles per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004{{Div col|small=yes|colwidth=10em}}
{{legend|#b3b3b3|no data}}
{{legend|#ffff65|≤ 10}}
{{legend|#fff200|10–25}}
{{legend|#ffdc00|25–50}}
{{legend|#ffc600|50–75}}
{{legend|#ffb000|75–100}}
{{legend|#ff9a00|100–250}}
{{legend|#ff8400|250–500}}
{{legend|#ff6e00|500–750}}
{{legend|#ff5800|750–1000}}
{{legend|#ff4200|1000–1500}}
{{legend|#ff2c00|1500–2000}}
{{legend|#cb0000|≥ 2000}}
{{div col end}}]]

Measles is extremely infectious and its continued circulation in a community depends on the generation of susceptible hosts by birth of children. In communities that generate insufficient new hosts the disease will die out. This concept was first recognized in measles by M.S. Bartlett in 1957, who referred to the minimum number supporting measles as the [[critical community size]] (CCS).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bartlett|first=M.S.|title=Measles periodicity and community size|journal=J. R. Stat. Soc.|year=1957|series=Ser. A|issue=120|pages=48–70}}</ref> Analysis of outbreaks in island communities suggested that the CCS for measles is around 250,000.<ref name=Black1966>{{cite journal | vauthors = Black FL | title = Measles endemicity in insular populations: critical community size and its evolutionary implication | journal = Journal of Theoretical Biology | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–11 | date = July 1966 | pmid = 5965486 | doi = 10.1016/0022-5193(66)90161-5 | bibcode = 1966JThBi..11..207B }}</ref> Due to the ease with which measles is transmitted from person to person in a community, more than 95% of the community must be vaccinated in order to achieve [[herd immunity]].<ref name=Ludlow2015/>

In 2011, the WHO estimated that 158,000 deaths were caused by measles. This is down from 630,000 deaths in 1990.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Flaxman AD, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa YA, Haring D, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hoen B, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Keren A, Khoo JP, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Ohno SL, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Mallinger L, March L, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGrath J, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Michaud C, Miller M, Miller TR, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Mokdad AA, Moran A, Mulholland K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nasseri K, Norman P, O'Donnell M, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Phillips D, Pierce K, Pope CA, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Raju M, Ranganathan D, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Rivara FP, Roberts T, De León FR, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Segui-Gomez M, Shepard DS, Singh D, Singleton J, Sliwa K, Smith E, Steer A, Taylor JA, Thomas B, Tleyjeh IM, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Undurraga EA, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Vos T, Wagner GR, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Wilkinson JD, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Yip P, Zabetian A, Zheng ZJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–128 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 | pmc = 10790329 | hdl = 10536/DRO/DU:30050819 | s2cid = 1541253 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/2557786 | hdl-access = free | access-date = 14 March 2020 | archive-date = 19 May 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200519152712/https://zenodo.org/record/2557786 | url-status = live }}</ref> As of 2018, measles remains a leading cause of vaccine-preventable deaths in the world.<ref name=Kabra2013/><ref>{{cite web |title=Measles Data and Statistics |url=https://www.cdc.gov/measles/downloads/measlesdataandstatsslideset.pdf |access-date=15 August 2019 |archive-date=10 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810103234/https://www.cdc.gov/measles/downloads/MeaslesDataAndStatsSlideSet.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In developed countries the mortality rate is lower, for example in England and Wales from 2007 to 2017 death occurred between two and three cases out of 10,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Measles notifications and deaths in England and Wales: 1940 to 2017 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/measles-deaths-by-age-group-from-1980-to-2013-ons-data/measles-notifications-and-deaths-in-england-and-wales-1940-to-2013 |website=GOV.UK |access-date=1 October 2019 |archive-date=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725233131/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/measles-deaths-by-age-group-from-1980-to-2013-ons-data/measles-notifications-and-deaths-in-england-and-wales-1940-to-2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> In children one to three cases out of every 1,000 die in the United States (0.1–0.2%).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/complications.html |title=Complications of measles |date=3 November 2014 |publisher=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=7 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103130249/http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/complications.html |archive-date=3 January 2015 }}</ref> In populations with high levels of malnutrition and a lack of adequate healthcare, mortality can be as high as 10%.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name="Pink Book" /> In cases with complications, the rate may rise to 20–30%.{{medical citation needed|date=November 2019}} In 2012, the number of deaths due to measles was 78% lower than in 2000 due to increased rates of immunization among [[UN member states]].<ref name=Ludlow2015/> Between 2000 and 2016, global cases decreased by 84%; by 2019 cases had increased to a total of 870,000, the highest since 1996.<ref name=":16" />

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:88%; float:right; clear:right; margin-left:1em"
|+ style="margin-left:1em;" | Reported cases<ref>{{Cite web |title=GHO {{!}} By category {{!}} Measles - Reported cases by WHO region |url=https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.1520_62?lang=en |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |archive-date=25 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125182908/https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.1520_62?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! WHO-Region
! 1980
! 1990
! 2000
! 2010
! 2020
|-
| align="left" | African Region || 1,240,993 || 481,204 || 520,102 || 199,174 || 115,369
|-
| align="left" | Region of the Americas || 257,790 || 218,579 || 1,754 || 247 || 9,996
|-
| align="left" | Eastern Mediterranean Region || 341,624 || 59,058 || 38,592 || 10,072 || 6,769
|-
| align="left" | European Region || 492,660 || 185,818 || 37,421 || 30,625 || 10,945
|-
| align="left" | Southeast Asia Region || 199,535 || 224,925 || 78,558 || 54,228 || 9,389
|-
| align="left" | Western Pacific Region || 1,319,640 || 155,490 || 177,052 || 49,460 || 6,605
|-
| align="left" | Worldwide || 3,852,242 || 1,325,074 || 853,479 || 343,806 || 159,073
|}

Even in countries where vaccination has been introduced, rates may remain high. Measles is a leading cause of vaccine-preventable childhood mortality. Worldwide, the fatality rate has been significantly reduced by a vaccination campaign led by partners in the [[Measles Initiative]]: the [[American Red Cross]], the United States [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]], the [[United Nations Foundation]], [[UNICEF]] and the WHO. Globally, measles fell 60% from an estimated 873,000 deaths in 1999 to 345,000 in 2005.<ref name="UNICEF">{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_38076.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204152400/http://www.unicef.org/media/media_38076.html|url-status=dead|title=UNICEF Joint Press Release|archive-date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Estimates for 2008 indicate deaths fell further to 164,000 globally, with 77% of the remaining measles deaths in 2008 occurring within the Southeast Asian region.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = Global reductions in measles mortality 2000-2008 and the risk of measles resurgence | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 84 | issue = 49 | pages = 509–16 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 19960624 | hdl = 10665/241466 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> There were 142,300 measles related deaths globally in 2018, of which most cases were reported from African and eastern Mediterranean regions. These estimates were slightly higher than that of 2017, when 124,000 deaths were reported due to measles infection globally.<ref name=":9">{{Cite press release|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/05-12-2019-more-than-140-000-die-from-measles-as-cases-surge-worldwide|title=More than 140,000 die from measles as cases surge worldwide|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|date=5 December 2019|access-date=12 December 2019|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806185302/https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/05-12-2019-more-than-140-000-die-from-measles-as-cases-surge-worldwide|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2000, the WHO established the Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network (GMRLN) to provide laboratory surveillance for measles, [[rubella]], and [[congenital rubella syndrome]].<ref name=":7">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Rota |first2=Paul A. |last3=Goodson |first3=James L. |last4=Williams |first4=David |last5=Abernathy |first5=Emily |last6=Takeda |first6=Makoto |last7=Mulders |first7=Mick N. |title=Genetic Characterization of Measles and Rubella Viruses Detected Through Global Measles and Rubella Elimination Surveillance, 2016–2018 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=5 July 2019 |volume=68 |issue=26 |pages=587–591 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6826a3 |pmid=31269012 |pmc=6613570 }}</ref> Data from 2016 to 2018 show that the most frequently detected measles virus [[genotype]]s are decreasing, suggesting that increasing global population immunity has decreased the number of chains of transmission.<ref name=":7"/>

Cases reported in the first three months of 2019 were 300% higher than in the first three months of 2018, with outbreaks in every region of the world, even in countries with high overall vaccination coverage where it spread among clusters of unvaccinated people.<ref>{{cite press release |title=New measles surveillance data for 2019 |url=https://www.who.int/immunization/newsroom/measles-data-2019/en/ |access-date=4 June 2019 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |date=15 April 2019 |archive-date=3 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603203116/https://www.who.int/immunization/newsroom/measles-data-2019/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The numbers of reported cases as of mid-November is over 413,000 globally, with an additional 250,000 cases in DRC (as reported through their national system), similar to the increasing trends of infection reported in the earlier months of 2019, compared to 2018.<ref name=":9"/> In 2019, the total number of cases worldwide climbed to 869,770. The number of cases reported for 2020 is lower compare to 2019.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Minal K.|last2=Goodson|first2=James L.|last3=Alexander|first3=James P.|last4=Kretsinger|first4=Katrina|last5=Sodha|first5=Samir V.|last6=Steulet|first6=Claudia|last7=Gacic-Dobo|first7=Marta|last8=Rota|first8=Paul A.|last9=McFarland|first9=Jeffrey|last10=Menning|first10=Lisa|last11=Mulders|first11=Mick N.|date=13 November 2020|title=Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination — Worldwide, 2000–2019|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6945a6.htm?s_cid=mm6945a6_w|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=69|issue=45|pages=1700–1705|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6945a6|issn=0149-2195|pmc=7660667|pmid=33180759|access-date=7 December 2020|archive-date=19 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319203951/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6945a6.htm?s_cid=mm6945a6_w|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the WHO, the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] hindered [[Measles vaccination|vaccination campaigns]] in at least 68 countries, including in countries that were experiencing outbreaks, which caused increased risk of additional cases.<ref name=":12"/><ref>{{cite press release | title=At least 80 million children under one at risk of diseases such as diphtheria, measles and polio as COVID-19 disrupts routine vaccination efforts, warn Gavi, WHO and UNICEF | website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | date=22 May 2020 | url=https://www.who.int/news/item/22-05-2020-at-least-80-million-children-under-one-at-risk-of-diseases-such-as-diphtheria-measles-and-polio-as-covid-19-disrupts-routine-vaccination-efforts-warn-gavi-who-and-unicef | access-date=25 June 2022 | archive-date=5 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405232933/https://www.who.int/news/item/22-05-2020-at-least-80-million-children-under-one-at-risk-of-diseases-such-as-diphtheria-measles-and-polio-as-Covid-19-disrupts-routine-vaccination-efforts-warn-gavi-who-and-unicef | url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2022, there were an estimated 136,000 measles deaths globally, mostly among unvaccinated or under vaccinated children under the age of 5 years.<ref name="WHO Measles fact sheet">{{Cite web |title=Measles |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |archive-date=30 April 2025  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430113419/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2024, the World Health Organization said more than half of the world was at risk of a measles outbreak due to COVID-19 pandemic-related disruptions in that month. All the world regions have reported such outbreaks with the exception of the [[Americas]], though these could still be expected to become hotspots in the future. Death rates during the outbreaks tend to be higher among poorer countries but middle-income nations are also heavily impacted, according to the WHO.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 February 2024 |title=More than half the world faces high measles risk, WHO says |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/more-than-half-the-world-faces-high-measles-risk-who-says |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=The Straits Times |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=21 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221045420/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/more-than-half-the-world-faces-high-measles-risk-who-says |url-status=live }}</ref>

In November 2024, the WHO and CDC reported that measles cases increased by 20% in 2023, primarily due to insufficient vaccine coverage in the world's poorest and conflict-affected regions, increasing from about 8.6 to 10.3 million cases.<ref name="MMWR_progress" /><ref name="CNN_cases_surging">{{Cite web |last=Christensen |first=Jen |date=14 November 2024 |title=Measles is debilitating and deadly, and cases are surging, WHO and CDC warn |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/14/health/measles-comeback-who-cdc/index.html |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=CNN }}</ref> Nearly half of the major outbreaks<ref name="CNN_cases_surging" /> and 64% of the individual cases occurred in Africa.<ref name="MMWR_progress">{{Cite journal |last=Minta |first=Anna A. |date=2024 |title=Progress Toward Measles Elimination — Worldwide, 2000–2023 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7345a4.htm |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |volume=73 |issue=45 |pages=1036–1042 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7345a4 |pmid=39541251 |issn=0149-2195|pmc=11576049 }}</ref>

===Europe===
[[File:Measles in England & Wales1940-2017.png|thumb|350px|Incidence of and deaths due to measles in England and Wales between 1940 and 2017]]
In England and Wales, though deaths from measles were uncommon, they averaged about 500 per year in the 1940s. Deaths diminished with the improvement of medical care in the 1950s, but the incidence of the disease did not retreat until vaccination was introduced in the late 1960s. Wider coverage was achieved in the 1980s with the measles, [[mumps]] and [[rubella]], [[MMR vaccine]].<ref>{{cite web |title=50 years of measles vaccination in the UK |url=https://publichealthengland.exposure.co/50-years-of-measles-vaccination-in-the-uk |website=Public Health England |access-date=15 May 2020 |archive-date=4 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104095511/https://publichealthengland.exposure.co/50-years-of-measles-vaccination-in-the-uk |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2013–14, there were almost 10,000 cases in 30 European countries. Most cases occurred in unvaccinated individuals and over 90% of cases occurred in Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, and United Kingdom.<ref name=Ludlow2015/> Between October 2014 and March 2015, a measles outbreak in the German capital of [[Berlin]] resulted in at least 782 cases.<ref name="Elizabeth Whitman">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/who-stefan-lanka-court-orders-german-measles-denier-pay-100000-euros-1846078|title=Who Is Stefan Lanka? Court Orders German Measles Denier To Pay 100,000 Euros|author=Elizabeth Whitman|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=13 March 2015|access-date=31 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402182617/http://www.ibtimes.com/who-stefan-lanka-court-orders-german-measles-denier-pay-100000-euros-1846078|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

In 2016, a record low of 4,400 cases in Europe were reported. However, from 2017, a [[measles resurgence in Europe]] started to occur with numbers increasing in that year to 21,315 cases, with 35 deaths.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Europe observes a 4-fold increase in measles cases in 2017 compared to previous year|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2018/europe-observes-a-4-fold-increase-in-measles-cases-in-2017-compared-to-previous-year|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=22 February 2018|date=19 February 2018|archive-date=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221204224/http://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2018/europe-observes-a-4-fold-increase-in-measles-cases-in-2017-compared-to-previous-year|url-status=live}}</ref> In preliminary figures for 2018, reported cases in the region increased 3-fold to 82,596 in 47 countries, with 72 deaths; Ukraine had the most cases (53,218), with the highest incidence rates being in Ukraine (1209 cases per million), Serbia (579), Georgia (564) and Albania (500).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/394060/2019_01_Epi_Data_EN_Jan-Dec-2018.pdf?ua=1 |title=WHO EpiData |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |date=February 2019 |access-date=27 March 2019 |archive-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329133545/http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/394060/2019_01_Epi_Data_EN_Jan-Dec-2018.pdf?ua=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=WHO_Europe_2018_PR>{{cite press release |url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2019/measles-in-europe-record-number-of-both-sick-and-immunized |title=Measles in Europe: record number of both sick and immunized |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |date=7 February 2019 |access-date=27 March 2019 |archive-date=10 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210022729/http://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2019/measles-in-europe-record-number-of-both-sick-and-immunized |url-status=live }}</ref> The previous year (2017) saw an estimated measles vaccine coverage of 95% for the first dose and 90% for the second dose in the region, the latter figure being the highest-ever estimated second-dose coverage.<ref name=WHO_Europe_2018_PR/>

In 2019, the United Kingdom, Albania, the Czech Republic, and Greece lost their measles-free status due to ongoing and prolonged spread of the disease in these countries.<ref name=WJO2019EU>{{cite press release |title=European Region loses ground in effort to eliminate measles |url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2019/european-region-loses-ground-in-effort-to-eliminate-measles |website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |access-date=31 August 2019 |date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414065648/http://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2019/european-region-loses-ground-in-effort-to-eliminate-measles | archive-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> In the first 6 months of 2019, 90,000 cases occurred in Europe.<ref name=WJO2019EU/>

A significant increase in measles cases in Europe occurred in 2024, with 127,350 being reported. This was the highest caseload in the region since 1997, representing a third of global measles cases.
The major centre of the resurgent outbreak appeared to be [[Romania]] where 30,692 cases were reported.<ref name="unicef25">{{cite web |title=European Region reports highest number of measles cases in more than 25 years – UNICEF, WHO/Europe |url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/european-region-reports-highest-number-measles-cases-more-25-years-unicef-whoeurope |website=unicef.org |publisher=UNICEF |access-date=15 March 2025 |archive-date=16 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316024704/https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/european-region-reports-highest-number-measles-cases-more-25-years-unicef-whoeurope |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Americas===
As a result of widespread vaccination, the disease was declared eliminated from the [[Americas]] in 2016.<ref name=PAHO2016>{{cite web|title=Region of the Americas is declared free of measles|url=https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12528:region-americas-declared-free-measles&Itemid=1926&lang=en |website=Pan American Health Organization |access-date=30 September 2016 |date=29 September 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930044745/http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12528%3Aregion-americas-declared-free-measles&Itemid=1926&lang=en |archive-date=30 September 2016 }}</ref> However, there were cases again in 2017,<ref>{{cite news |title=Measles spreads again in the Americas |url=https://en.mercopress.com/2018/03/28/measles-spreads-again-in-the-americas |access-date=4 July 2018 |work=MercoPress |date=28 March 2018 |archive-date=4 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704182714/http://en.mercopress.com/2018/03/28/measles-spreads-again-in-the-americas |url-status=live }}</ref> 2018, 2019,<ref name="CDC2019"/> and 2020<ref name="CDC Outbreaks"/> in this region.

====United States====
{{see also|Measles resurgence in the United States}}
[[File:Measles US 1938-2019.png|thumb|Measles cases in the U.S. from 1938 to 2019]]
In the United States, measles affected approximately 3,000 people per million in the 1960s before the vaccine was available. With consistent widespread childhood vaccination, this figure fell to 13 cases per million by the 1980s, and to about 1 case per million by 2000.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Orenstein WA, Papania MJ, Wharton ME | title = Measles elimination in the United States | journal = The Journal of Infectious Diseases | volume = 189 | issue = Supplement 1 | pages = S1-3 | date = May 2004 | pmid = 15106120 | doi = 10.1086/377693 | quote = Figure 1: Reported US measles incidence, 1950–2001. | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>

In 1991, an [[1990–1991 Philadelphia measles outbreak|outbreak of measles in Philadelphia]] was centered at the Faith Tabernacle Congregation, a faith-healing church that actively discouraged parishioners from vaccinating their children. Over 1400 people were infected with measles and nine children died.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://6abc.com/504818/|title=1991: The Philly measles outbreak that killed 9 children|date=6 February 2015|website=6abc Philadelphia|access-date=7 August 2021|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125033257/https://6abc.com/504818/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Before immunization in the United States, between three and four million cases occurred each year.<ref name="Pink Book" /> The United States was declared free of circulating measles in 2000, with 911 cases from 2001 to 2011. In 2014 the CDC said endemic measles, rubella, and [[congenital rubella syndrome]] had not returned to the United States.<ref name=PapaniaSeward2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Papania MJ, Wallace GS, Rota PA, Icenogle JP, Fiebelkorn AP, Armstrong GL, Reef SE, Redd SB, Abernathy ES, Barskey AE, Hao L, McLean HQ, Rota JS, Bellini WJ, Seward JF | title = Elimination of endemic measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome from the Western hemisphere: the US experience | journal = JAMA Pediatrics | volume = 168 | issue = 2 | pages = 148–55 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24311021 | doi = 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4342 | doi-access = }}</ref> Occasional measles outbreaks persist, however, because of cases imported from abroad, of which more than half are the result of unvaccinated U.S. residents who are infected abroad and infect others upon return to the United States.<ref name=PapaniaSeward2014/> The CDC continues to recommend measles vaccination throughout the population to prevent outbreaks like these.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Multistate measles outbreak associated with an international youth sporting event--Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Texas, August-September 2007 | journal = MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 57 | issue = 7 | pages = 169–73 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18288074 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5707a1.htm | author1 = Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) | access-date = 1 February 2018 | archive-date = 18 October 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201018010756/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5707a1.htm | url-status = live }}</ref>

In 2014, an outbreak was initiated in Ohio when two unvaccinated [[Amish]] men harboring asymptomatic measles returned to the United States from missionary work in the Philippines.<ref name="Gastanaduy2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gastañaduy PA, Budd J, Fisher N, Redd SB, Fletcher J, Miller J, McFadden DJ, Rota J, Rota PA, Hickman C, Fowler B, Tatham L, Wallace GS, de Fijter S, Parker Fiebelkorn A, DiOrio M | title = A Measles Outbreak in an Underimmunized Amish Community in Ohio | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 375 | issue = 14 | pages = 1343–1354 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27705270 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa1602295 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref> Their return to a community with low vaccination rates led to an outbreak that rose to include a total of 383 cases across nine counties.<ref name="Gastanaduy2016"/> Of the 383 cases, 340 (89%) occurred in unvaccinated individuals.<ref name="Gastanaduy2016"/>

From 4 January, to 2 April 2015, there were 159 cases of measles reported to the CDC. Of those 159 cases, 111 (70%) were determined to have come from an earlier exposure in late December 2014. This outbreak was believed to have originated from the [[Disneyland]] [[theme park]] in California. The Disneyland outbreak was held responsible for the infection of 147 people in seven U.S. states as well as Mexico and Canada, the majority of which were either unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination status.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2015/12/year-in-review-measles-linked-to-disneyland/ |title=Year in Review: Measles Linked to Disneyland |date=2 December 2015 |access-date=26 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519211805/https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2015/12/year-in-review-measles-linked-to-disneyland/ |archive-date=19 May 2017 }}</ref> Of the cases 48% were unvaccinated and 38% were unsure of their vaccination status.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Clemmons NS, Gastanaduy PA, Fiebelkorn AP, Redd SB, Wallace GS | title = Measles - United States, January 4-April 2, 2015 | journal = MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 64 | issue = 14 | pages = 373–6 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25879894 | pmc = 5779542 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6414.pdf | access-date = 1 November 2019 | archive-date = 13 July 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200713221937/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6414.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref> The initial exposure to the virus was never identified.<ref>{{cite web|title=Measles Outbreak — California, December 2014–February 2015|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6406a5.htm|access-date=8 January 2022|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|archive-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210053113/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6406a5.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, a U.S. woman in Washington state died of [[pneumonia]], as a result of measles. She was the first fatality in the U.S. from measles since 2003.<ref>{{cite news |title=Measles kills first patient in 12 years |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/07/02/measles-death-washington-state/29624385/ |access-date=2 July 2015 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=2 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702200945/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/07/02/measles-death-washington-state/29624385/ |archive-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> The woman had been vaccinated for measles and was taking [[immunosuppressive drug]]s for another condition. The drugs suppressed the woman's immunity to measles, and the woman became infected with measles; she did not develop a rash, but contracted pneumonia, which caused her death.<ref>{{cite web |title= First Measles Death in US Since 2003 Highlights the Unknown Vulnerables – Phenomena: Germination |website= [[National Geographic Society]] |url= https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2015/07/02/measles-death-us/ |access-date= 13 May 2020 |date= 2 July 2015 |archive-date= 31 May 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200531020834/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2015/07/02/measles-death-us/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=First Measles Death In 12 Years Renews Vaccination Concerns |website=[[NPR]] |date=6 July 2015 |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/07/06/420594973/first-measles-death-in-12-years-renews-vaccination-concerns |access-date=23 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191224204938/https://www.npr.org/2015/07/06/420594973/first-measles-death-in-12-years-renews-vaccination-concerns |archive-date= 24 December 2019}}</ref>

In June 2017, the Maine Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory confirmed a case of measles in Franklin County. This instance marks the first case of measles in 20 years for the state of Maine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maine confirms its first case of measles in 20 years |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/maine-confirms-first-case-measles-20-years/ |website=CBS News |date=27 June 2017 |access-date=28 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628021043/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/maine-confirms-first-case-measles-20-years/|archive-date=28 June 2017 }}</ref> In 2018, one case occurred in Portland, Oregon, with 500 people exposed; 40 of them lacked immunity to the virus and were being monitored by county health officials as of 2 July 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://katu.com/news/local/measles-case-confirmed-in-portland-about-500-people-exposed|title=Measles case confirmed in Portland, about 500 people possibly exposed|work=KATU|access-date=3 July 2018|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807014127/https://katu.com/news/local/measles-case-confirmed-in-portland-about-500-people-exposed|url-status=live}}</ref> There were 273 cases of measles reported throughout the United States in 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wonder.cdc.gov/nndss/static/2018/52/2018-52-table1.html|title=TABLE 1. Weekly cases* of selected infrequently reported notifiable diseases (|website=wonder.cdc.gov|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022112034/https://wonder.cdc.gov/nndss/static/2018/52/2018-52-table1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> including an outbreak in [[Brooklyn]] with more than 200 reported cases from October 2018 to February 2019. The outbreak was tied with population density of the [[Orthodox Jewish]] community, with the initial exposure from an unvaccinated child that caught measles while visiting Israel.<ref name="usatoday 2019-02-11"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/08/health/measles-outbreak-ny-bn/index.html|title=New York tackles 'largest measles outbreak' in state's recent history as cases spike globally|last=Howard|first=Jacqueline|date=9 January 2019|work=CNN|access-date=12 January 2019|archive-date=11 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111093850/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/08/health/measles-outbreak-ny-bn/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

A resurgence of measles occurred during 2019, which has been generally tied to [[Vaccine hesitancy|parents choosing not to have their children vaccinated]] as most of the reported cases occurred in people 19 years old or younger.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/measles-outbreak/measles-outbreak-southwestern-washington-rises-50-cases-n966751|title=Washington state is averaging more than one measles case per day in 2019|website=NBC News|date=4 February 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019|archive-date=5 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205011950/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/measles-outbreak/measles-outbreak-southwestern-washington-rises-50-cases-n966751|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-ph/lifestyle/family/amid-measles-outbreak-anti-vaxx-parents-have-put-others-e2-80-99-babies-at-risk/ar-BBTbIBq|title=Amid Measles Outbreak, Anti-Vaxx Parents Have Put Others' Babies At Risk|website=MSN|access-date=5 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330170245/https://www.msn.com/en-ph/lifestyle/family/amid-measles-outbreak-anti-vaxx-parents-have-put-others-e2-80-99-babies-at-risk/ar-BBTbIBq|archive-date=30 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/1/27/18199514/measles-outbreak-2018-clark-county-washington|title=Washington declared a public health emergency over measles. Thank vaccine-refusing parents.|first=Julia|last=Belluz|date=27 January 2019|website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=5 February 2019|archive-date=5 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205005311/https://www.vox.com/2019/1/27/18199514/measles-outbreak-2018-clark-county-washington|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/dangerous-anti-vaxx-warning-issued-washington-officials-cases-measles-1306997|title="Dangerous" anti-vaxx warning issued by Washington officials as cases in measles outbreak continue to rise|first=Kashmira|last=Gander|date=28 January 2019|website=[[Newsweek]]|access-date=5 February 2019|archive-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204224837/https://www.newsweek.com/dangerous-anti-vaxx-warning-issued-washington-officials-cases-measles-1306997|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cnn190424"/> Cases were first reported in Washington state in January, with an [[2019 Pacific Northwest measles outbreak|outbreak of at least 58 confirmed cases]] most within [[Clark County, Washington|Clark County]], which has a higher rate of vaccination exemptions compared to the rest of the state; nearly one in four kindergartners in Clark did not receive vaccinations, according to state data.<ref name="usatoday 2019-02-11">{{cite news | url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2019/02/11/measles-spread-anti-vaccination-communities-new-york-clar-county-washington/2812667002/ | title = A quarter of all kindergartners in Washington county aren't immunized. Now there's a measles crisis | first = Ken | last = Alltucker | date = 11 February 2019 | access-date = 11 February 2019 | work = [[USA Today]] | archive-date = 11 February 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190211160944/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2019/02/11/measles-spread-anti-vaccination-communities-new-york-clar-county-washington/2812667002/ | url-status = live }}</ref> This led Washington state governor [[Jay Inslee]] to declare a state of emergency, and the state's congress to introduce legislation to disallow vaccination exemption for personal or philosophical reasons.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/amid-measles-outbreak-legislation-proposed-to-ban-vaccine-exemptions/ | title = Amid measles outbreak, legislation proposed to ban vaccine exemptions | first = Jake | last = Goldstein-Street | date = 28 January 2019 | access-date = 28 January 2019 | work = [[The Seattle Times]] | archive-date = 29 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190129011001/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/amid-measles-outbreak-legislation-proposed-to-ban-vaccine-exemptions/ | url-status = live }}</ref> In April 2019, New York Mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] declared a public health emergency because of "a huge spike" in [[2019 New York measles outbreak|cases of measles]] where there were 285 cases centred on the Orthodox Jewish areas of Brooklyn in 2018, while there were only two cases in 2017. There were 168 more in neighboring [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland County]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Tanne JH |title=New York City mayor declares measles public health emergency |journal=BMJ |volume=365 |pages=l1724 |date=April 2019 |pmid=30971409 |doi=10.1136/bmj.l1724 |s2cid=145979493 }}</ref> Other outbreaks occurred in Santa Cruz County and Butte County in California, and the states of New Jersey and Michigan.<ref name="cnn190424">{{cite web | url = https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/24/health/measles-outbreak-record-us-bn/index.html | title = US measles outbreak is largest since disease was declared eliminated in 2000 | first1 = Jacqueline | last1 = Howard | first2 = Debra | last2 = Goldschmidt | date = 24 April 2019 | access-date = 24 April 2019 | website = [[CNN]] | archive-date = 24 April 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190424160923/https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/24/health/measles-outbreak-record-us-bn/index.html | url-status = live }}</ref> {{As of|April 2019}}, there have been 695 cases of measles reported in 22 states.<ref name="CDC2019"/> {{As of|2019|04}}, this is the highest number of measles cases since measles was declared eliminated in 2000.<ref name="CDC2019">{{cite press release |title=CDC Media Statement: Measles cases in the U.S. are highest since measles was eliminated in 2000 |url=https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/s0424-highest-measles-cases-since-elimination.html |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |date=26 April 2019 |access-date=2 May 2019 |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715061619/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/s0424-highest-measles-cases-since-elimination.html |url-status=live }}</ref> From January, to December 2019, 1,282 individual cases of measles were confirmed in 31 states.<ref name="CDC Outbreaks">{{cite web | title=Measles Cases and Outbreaks |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | date=6 January 2020 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101062347/https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html | archive-date=1 November 2019 | url-status=live | access-date=6 January 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> This is the greatest number of cases reported in the US since 1992.<ref name="CDC Outbreaks"/> Of the 1,282 cases, 128 of the people who got measles were hospitalized, and 61 reported having complications, including pneumonia and encephalitis.<ref name="CDC Outbreaks"/> Following the end of the 2019 outbreak, reported cases fell to pre-outbreak levels: 13 cases in 2020, 49 cases in 2021, and 121 cases in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2023 |title=Measles Cases and Outbreaks |url=https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research/ |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515235451/https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{As of|2025|02}}, an [[2025 Southwest United States measles outbreak|outbreak of measles]] is ongoing amongst unvaccinated communities in Texas and New Mexico. On 26 February, the first measles death since 2015 was reported to be that of an unvaccinated school-aged child in West Texas. The confirmed number of measles cases in this outbreak is 124 {{as of|2025|02|26|lc=yes}}, according to the Texas Department of Health Services. Most are in children ages 5–17.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Neha |date=26 February 2025 |title=Child in West Texas is first US measles death in a decade |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/26/health/texas-measles-death/index.html |access-date=26 February 2025 |website=CNN }}</ref> As of March 2025, the CDC has recorded 483 confirmed cases across 20 states, 2 deaths and 70 hospitalized. This exceeds the entire 2024 total that was only 285.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=29 March 2025 |title=Measles outbreak 2025: US cases surge past 2024 total |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/americas/measles-outbreak-2025-us-cases-surge-past-2024-total-1.500076568 |access-date=30 March 2025 |website=Gulf News }}</ref>

====Brazil====
The spread of measles had been interrupted in Brazil in 2016, with the last-known case twelve months earlier.<ref name="G1-2016">{{cite web|first=Mariana|last=Lenharo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bemestar/noticia/2016/07/sarampo-esta-eliminado-do-brasil-segundo-comite-internacional.html|title=Sarampo está eliminado do Brasil, segundo comitê internacional|publisher=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=26 July 2016|access-date=26 July 2016|language=pt|archive-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727142754/http://g1.globo.com/bemestar/noticia/2016/07/sarampo-esta-eliminado-do-brasil-segundo-comite-internacional.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This last case was in the state of [[Ceará]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=26 July 2016|title=Sarampo está eliminado do Brasil, segundo comitê internacional|url=http://g1.globo.com/bemestar/noticia/2016/07/sarampo-esta-eliminado-do-brasil-segundo-comite-internacional.html|journal=Bem Estar|language=pt-BR|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727142754/http://g1.globo.com/bemestar/noticia/2016/07/sarampo-esta-eliminado-do-brasil-segundo-comite-internacional.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Brazil won a measles elimination certificate by the [[Pan American Health Organization]] in 2016, but the [[Ministry of Health (Brazil)|Ministry of Health]] has proclaimed that the country has struggled to keep this certificate, since two outbreaks had already been identified in 2018, one in the state of [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] and another one in [[Roraima]], in addition to cases in other states ([[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[Pará]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] and [[Rondônia]]), totaling 1,053 confirmed cases until 1 August 2018.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Brasil já tem mais de mil casos de sarampo em 2018, segundo Ministério da Saúde|url=https://g1.globo.com/bemestar/noticia/2018/08/02/brasil-ja-tem-mais-de-mil-casos-de-sarampo-em-2018-segundo-ministerio-da-saude.ghtml|journal=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=2 August 2018 |language=pt-BR|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109021531/https://g1.globo.com/bemestar/noticia/2018/08/02/brasil-ja-tem-mais-de-mil-casos-de-sarampo-em-2018-segundo-ministerio-da-saude.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://portalms.saude.gov.br/noticias/agencia-saude/43946-ministerio-da-saude-atualiza-casos-de-sarampo-2|title=Ministério da Saúde atualiza casos de sarampo|access-date=2 August 2018|work=portalms.saude.gov.br|last=Saúde|first=Ministério da|language=pt-br|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420130416/http://portalms.saude.gov.br/noticias/agencia-saude/43946-ministerio-da-saude-atualiza-casos-de-sarampo-2|url-status=live}}</ref> In these outbreaks, and in most other cases, the contagion was related to the importation of the virus, especially from Venezuela.<ref name=":0"/> This was confirmed by the genotype of the virus (D8) that was identified, which is the same that circulates in Venezuela.<ref name=":1"/>

===Southeast Asia===
In the Vietnamese measles epidemic in spring of 2014, an estimated 8,500 measles cases were reported as of 19 April, with 114 fatalities;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thanhniennews.com/health/vietnam-minister-calls-for-calm-in-face-of-8500-measles-cases-114-fatalities-25423.html|title=Vietnam minister calls for calm in face of 8,500 measles cases, 114 fatalities|author=Lien Chau|publisher=Thanh Niên|date=18 April 2014|access-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418220953/http://www.thanhniennews.com/health/vietnam-minister-calls-for-calm-in-face-of-8500-measles-cases-114-fatalities-25423.html|archive-date=18 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> as of 30 May, 21,639 suspected measles cases had been reported, with 142 measles-related fatalities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tuoitre.vn/Chinh-tri-Xa-hoi/610133/bo-y-te--vn-da-phan-ung-rat-nhanh-doi-voi-dich-soi.html|title=Bộ Y tế: "VN đã phản ứng rất nhanh đối với dịch sởi"|trans-title=Ministry of Health: "Vietnam has responded very quickly to measles"|author=Quốc Thanh|language=vi|publisher=Tuổi Trẻ|date=30 May 2014|access-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531233458/http://tuoitre.vn/Chinh-tri-Xa-hoi/610133/bo-y-te--vn-da-phan-ung-rat-nhanh-doi-voi-dich-soi.html|archive-date=31 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[Naga Self-Administered Zone]] in a remote northern region of [[Myanmar]], at least 40 children died during a measles outbreak in August 2016 that was probably caused by lack of vaccination in an area of poor health infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/who-doctors-in-myanmars-naga-areas-identify-mystery-disease/|title=WHO doctors in Myanmar's Naga areas identify 'mystery disease'|publisher=Eastern Mirror Nagaland|date=6 August 2016|access-date=8 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819065303/http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/who-doctors-in-myanmars-naga-areas-identify-mystery-disease/|archive-date=19 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.promedmail.org/post/4398118|title=Myanmar (02): (SA) fatal, measles confirmed|website=www.promedmail.org (Archive Number: 20160806.4398118)|publisher=International Society for Infectious Diseases|access-date=8 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820090754/http://www.promedmail.org/post/4398118|archive-date=20 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following the [[2019 Philippines measles outbreak]], 23,563 measles cases have been reported in the country with 338 fatalities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://outbreaknewstoday.com/philippines-measles-update-nearly-600-cases-2-days-76902/ |title=Philippines measles update: Nearly 600 cases in 2 days |publisher=Outbreak News Today |date=26 March 2019 |access-date=30 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830010007/http://outbreaknewstoday.com/philippines-measles-update-nearly-600-cases-2-days-76902/ |archive-date=30 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> A [[2019 Kuala Koh measles outbreak|measles outbreak]] also happened among the Malaysian [[Orang Asli]] sub-group of [[Batek people]] in the state of [[Kelantan]] from May 2019, causing the deaths of 15 from the tribe.<ref>{{cite web |last=Oon |first=Alyssa J. |date=17 June 2019 |title=A Measles Outbreak Is The Cause of 15 Orang Asli Deaths In Kelantan |url=https://says.com/my/news/mysterious-illness-causing-deaths-of-kampung-kuala-koh-orang-asli-identified-as-measles |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827033231/https://says.com/my/news/mysterious-illness-causing-deaths-of-kampung-kuala-koh-orang-asli-identified-as-measles |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=30 August 2019 |publisher=Says.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tay |first=Rachel |date=18 June 2019 |title=The mysterious illness that caused 15 deaths in a Malaysian tribe has been linked to a measles outbreak |work=Business Insider Malaysia |url=https://www.businessinsider.my/the-mysterious-illness-that-caused-15-deaths-in-a-malaysian-tribe-has-been-linked-to-a-measles-outbreak/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830005853/https://www.businessinsider.my/the-mysterious-illness-that-caused-15-deaths-in-a-malaysian-tribe-has-been-linked-to-a-measles-outbreak/ |archive-date=30 August 2019 |access-date=30 August 2019 }}</ref> In 2024, a measles outbreak was declared in the [[Bangsamoro]] region in the Philippines with at least 592 cases and 3 deaths.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Unson |first1=John |title=Measles outbreak declared in BARMM |url=https://qa.philstar.com/nation/2024/03/24/2342863/measles-outbreak-declared-barmm |access-date=24 March 2024 |work=The Philippine Star |date=24 March 2024}}</ref>

===South Pacific===
A [[2019–2020 New Zealand measles outbreak|measles outbreak in New Zealand]] has 2193 confirmed cases and two deaths. A [[2019 Tonga measles outbreak|measles outbreak in Tonga]] has 612 cases of measles.

==== Samoa ====
A [[2019 Samoa measles outbreak|measles outbreak in Samoa]] in late 2019 has over 5,700 cases of measles and 83 deaths, out of a Samoan population of 200,000. Over three percent of the population were infected, and a state of emergency was declared from 17 November to 7 December. A vaccination campaign brought the measles vaccination rate from 31 to 34% in 2018 to an estimated 94% of the eligible population in December 2019.<ref name="NEOC_R36">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/samoagovt/posts/2835748539789483|title=National Emergency Operation Centre, update on the measles outbreak: (press release 36) 22 December, 2019|author=Government of Samoa|date=22 December 2019|website=@samoagovt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200316000531/https://www.facebook.com/samoagovt/posts/2835748539789483|archive-date=16 March 2020|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref>

===Africa===

The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Madagascar have reported the highest numbers of cases in 2019. However, cases have decreased in Madagascar as a result of nationwide emergency measles vaccine campaigns. As of August 2019 outbreaks were occurring in Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria, South Sudan and Sudan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/immunization/newsroom/new-measles-data-august-2019/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812222426/https://www.who.int/immunization/newsroom/new-measles-data-august-2019/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 August 2019|title=New measles surveillance data from WHO|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref>

==== Madagascar ====
An [[2018 Madagascar measles outbreak|outbreak of measles]] in 2018 has resulted in well beyond 115,000 cases and over 1,200 deaths.<ref name="AP">{{cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/0cd4deb8141742b5903fbef3cb0e8afa|title=Measles outbreak kills more than 1200 in Madagascar|last=Bezain|first=Laetitia|date=14 April 2019|access-date=13 May 2019|publisher=Associated Press}}</ref>

==== Democratic Republic of Congo ====
An [[2019–2020 measles outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|outbreak of measles]] with nearly 5,000 deaths and 250,000 infections occurred in 2019, after the disease spread to all the provinces in the country.<ref name=BBC2019>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50506743 |title=Nearly 5,000 dead in world's worst measles outbreak |date=21 November 2019 |access-date=23 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211233419/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50506743 |archive-date=11 February 2020}}</ref> Most deaths were among children under five years of age.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/nov/22/children-bear-the-brunt-as-the-worlds-biggest-measles-epidemic-sweeps-congo |title=Children bear the brunt as the world's biggest measles epidemic sweeps Congo |last=Ratcliffe |first=Rebecca |date=22 November 2019 |work=The Guardian |access-date=23 November 2019 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507233821/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/nov/22/children-bear-the-brunt-as-the-worlds-biggest-measles-epidemic-sweeps-congo | archive-date=7 May 2020 }}</ref> The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported this as the world's largest and fastest-moving epidemic.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/measles_monthlydata/en/ |title=Measles and Rubella Surveillance Data |website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |access-date=23 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503130400/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/measles_monthlydata/en/ |archive-date=3 May 2020}}</ref>