Editing Matariki (section)

===Public holiday===
[[File:Finale of Matariki fireworks over the Wellington Harbour from Brooklyn Hill.jpg|thumb|Fireworks in Wellington on first Matariki public holiday in 2022]]
A proposal to make Matariki an official [[public holiday in New Zealand]] was made by former [[Māori Party]] MP [[Rahui Katene]]'s [[Private member's bill#New Zealand|member's bill]] ''{{Lang|Mi|Te Ra o Matariki}} Bill/Matariki Day Bill'', drawn from the ballot in June 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=Te Rā o Matariki Bill/Matariki Day Bill — First Reading |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/hansard-debates/rhr/document/49HansD_20090819_00001058/te-rā-o-matariki-billmatariki-day-bill-first-reading |publisher=[[New Zealand Parliament]] |access-date=12 July 2020 |language=en-NZ |date=19 August 2009}}</ref> The Bill would have fixed the date of a public holiday using the new moon in June;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tumeke.blogspot.com/2009/06/big-thursday-draw-matariki-on-hold_18.html|title=TUMEKE!: Big Thursday draw: Matariki on hold}}</ref> this was later changed to the new moon of the heliacal rising of Matariki when the bill was drawn a month later and set down for introduction into Parliament.<ref name="Stuff.co.nz_2664039">{{cite news |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/2664039/Matariki-holiday-bill-to-go-before-Parliament |title=Matariki holiday bill to go before Parliament |date=22 July 2009 |agency=[[NZPA]] |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |access-date=22 October 2011}}</ref> [[Mayor of Waitakere City]] [[Bob Harvey (mayor)|Bob Harvey]] supported the call to make Matariki a public holiday to replace [[Queen's Official Birthday#New Zealand|Queen's Birthday]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scoop.co.nz/stories/AK0906/S00280.htm|title=Mayor Joins Call For Matariki Public Holiday|date=22 June 2009|publisher=[[Scoop (website)|Scoop]]}}</ref> along with the [[Republican Movement of Aotearoa New Zealand]], which found none of New Zealand's local authorities held celebrations for Queen's Birthday but many celebrated Matariki.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scoop.co.nz/stories/PO0905/S00419.htm|title=No Celebrations For Queen's Birthday|date=29 May 2009|publisher=[[Scoop (website)|Scoop]]}}</ref> However, the Bill itself did not propose abolishing Queen's Birthday, and was voted down at its [[first reading]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://news.tangatawhenua.com/2009/08/te-ra-o-matariki-bill-%e2%80%93-matariki-day-bill-loses-on-first-reading/| title=Te Ra o Matariki Bill – Matariki Day Bill loses on first reading| date=20 August 2009| first=Rahui| last=Katene| publisher=tangatawhenua.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822091234/http://news.tangatawhenua.com/2009/08/te-ra-o-matariki-bill-%E2%80%93-matariki-day-bill-loses-on-first-reading/ |archive-date=22 August 2016}}</ref>

As part of the [[New Zealand National Party|National]]–[[Māori Party]] agreement subsequent to the [[2011 New Zealand general election]], both parties agreed to support a "cultural heritage bill to recognise Matariki/Puanga, and to honour the peace-making heritage established at [[Parihaka]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://img.scoop.co.nz/media/pdfs/1112/Maori_Party_agreement11_Dec.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191810/http://img.scoop.co.nz/media/pdfs/1112/Maori_Party_agreement11_Dec.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=live|title=Relationship Accord and Confidence and Supply Agreement with the Māori Party|date=11 December 2011|access-date=15 February 2012|publisher=[[Scoop (website)|Scoop]]}}</ref>

In July 2020, [[Te Raukura O'Connell Rapira]] delivered two combined petitions calling for Matariki to be made a public holiday that were signed by 30,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuff |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/pou-tiaki/122241314/30000strong-petition-to-make-matariki-a-public-holiday-moves-onto-next-stage |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] }}</ref> 

On 7 September 2020, [[New Zealand Prime Minister|Prime Minister]] [[Jacinda Ardern]] pledged to make Matariki a public holiday if the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] were re-elected in the [[2020 New Zealand general election|2020 general election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/local-democracy/news/article.cfm?c_id=1504814&objectid=12362948|title=Election 2020: Matariki will become a public holiday if Labour re-elected – PM|date=7 September 2020|access-date=7 September 2020|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]}}</ref> The proposed public holiday would not be implemented until 2022, during which businesses could recover from the economic impacts of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300101386/election-2020-labour-would-make-matariki-a-public-holiday-from-2022|title=Election 2020: Labour would make Matariki a public holiday from 2022|date=7 September 2020|access-date=7 September 2020|publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]}}</ref> On 4 February 2021, Ardern announced the first date for the public holiday as 24 June 2022.<ref name="beehive-govt-matariki">{{cite web | url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/2022-matariki-holiday-date-announced | title=2022 Matariki holiday date announced }}</ref> Legislation to give this legal effect would be introduced during the 2021 parliamentary session.<ref name="RNZHolidayDate">{{cite news|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/435789/prime-minister-jacinda-ardern-reveals-date-of-first-matariki-public-holiday|title=Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern reveals date of first Matariki public holiday|date=4 February 2021|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205074931/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/435789/prime-minister-jacinda-ardern-reveals-date-of-first-matariki-public-holiday|archive-date=5 February 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Whyte |first1=Anna |title=Jacinda Ardern reveals what date NZ will celebrate its new Matariki public holiday in 2022 |url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/jacinda-ardern-reveals-date-nz-celebrate-its-new-matariki-public-holiday-in-2022 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=[[1News]] |date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204025813/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/jacinda-ardern-reveals-date-nz-celebrate-its-new-matariki-public-holiday-in-2022 |archive-date=4 February 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 2 July 2021, the day the constellation rose, Ardern announced the proposed dates of the holiday for the next 30 years, as determined by a Matariki Advisory Group drawn from iwi across the country.<ref name=":1" /> The date of the holiday was formalised as the Friday closest to the 4 days of the nights of Tangaroa in the lunar month Piripi.<ref name=":4" /> The dates vary from late June to mid July, but are always on a Friday, to encourage people to travel and spend time with their families, and to give an extra public holiday to people who usually miss out on Mondayised public holidays (e.g. those who normally work Tuesday to Saturday).<ref>{{cite news |title=Matariki public holiday dates for next 30 years announced |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/445990/matariki-public-holiday-dates-for-next-30-years-announced |access-date=3 July 2021 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=2 July 2021}}</ref> The date of Matariki varies because the 354-day Māori lunar calendar (with occasional [[Intercalation (timekeeping)|intercalary]] months) only approximates the 365.24 day solar [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]] solar calendar.<ref name=":4" />

On 30 September 2021, Associate Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage [[Kiri Allan]] introduced the [[Te Kāhui o Matariki Public Holiday Act 2022|Te Kāhui o Matariki Public Holiday Bill]] to make Matariki a public holiday. The bill passed its first reading supported by the Labour, [[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green]] and Māori parties, but opposed by National and [[ACT New Zealand|ACT]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Kate |title=Matariki Public Holiday Bill has first reading in Parliament |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300420056/matariki-public-holiday-bill-has-first-reading-in-parliament |access-date=1 October 2021 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=30 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001001834/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300420056/matariki-public-holiday-bill-has-first-reading-in-parliament |archive-date=1 October 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> National argued that Matariki should replace an existing public holiday instead of being added as a new holiday, to lessen the impact on businesses which is estimated to be [[NZ$]]448 million annually.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cooke |first=Henry |date=2 July 2021 |title=Matariki public holiday will always fall on a Friday, Government announces |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/125624741/matariki-public-holiday-will-always-fall-on-a-friday-government-announces |access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref> The bill passed its second reading on 29 March 2022. During the debate, the National and ACT parties expressed concerns  about creating a 12th public holiday; claiming that it would cost NZ$450 million and have a negative impact on businesses. The Labour, Green and Māori parties argued that the bill would establish a new Māori public holiday in the calendar and raise awareness of Māori indigenous knowledge.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 March 2022 |title=Te Pire mō te Hararei Tūmatanui o te Kāhui o Matariki / Te Kāhui o Matariki Public Holiday Bill — Second Reading |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/hansard-debates/rhr/combined/HansDeb_20220329_20220329_40 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404071846/https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/hansard-debates/rhr/combined/HansDeb_20220329_20220329_40 |archive-date=4 April 2022 |access-date=25 April 2022 |publisher=[[New Zealand Parliament]]}}</ref>

The bill passed its third reading on 7 April.<ref name="rnz-matariki-first">{{cite news |title=Matariki public holiday passes into law |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/464833/matariki-public-holiday-passes-into-law |access-date=8 April 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407111122/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/464833/matariki-public-holiday-passes-into-law |archive-date=7 April 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> During the final debate, National MP [[Paul Goldsmith]] argued that Matariki should replace a previous public holiday while ACT's Small Business spokesperson [[Chris Baillie (politician)|Chris Baillie]] claimed that having a new public holiday would cost businesses NZ$453 million. The Bill's sponsor [[Kiritapu Allan]] defended Matariki, arguing that public holidays reduced employee burnout and stress while boosting hospitality and tourism. National MP [[Simon O'Connor]] suggested naming the bill a "neutral" name such as [[Pleiades]], which prompted Crown-Māori Relations Minister [[Kelvin Davis (politician)|Kelvin Davis]] to claim that the former's remarks showed National's contempt for Māori culture.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 April 2022 |title=Matariki public holiday passes into law |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/464833/matariki-public-holiday-passes-into-law |url-status=live |access-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407111122/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/464833/matariki-public-holiday-passes-into-law |archive-date=7 April 2022}}</ref> The bill received royal assent on 11 April 2022.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://cromwellnews.co.nz/2022/05/matariki-2022-our-new-official-holiday-receives-royal-assent/ |title=Matariki 2022 – our new official holiday receives royal assent |date=3 May 2022 |work=Cromwell and District News |first=Jan |last=Hawkins |access-date=20 June 2022}}</ref>

Matariki was first observed as a public holiday on 24 June 2022, including a pre-dawn live broadcast of a hautapu ceremony.<ref name="one-news-broadcast-matariki2022">{{Cite web |last1=Worthington |first1=Samantha |title=Matariki 2022: Hautapu ceremony marks dawning of a new day |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/06/24/matariki-2022-hautapu-ceremony-marks-dawning-of-a-new-day/ |website=1 News}}</ref> It was received positively overall by New Zealanders.<ref name="matariki-implemented-herald">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/matariki-2022-celebrations-around-the-country-for-the-first-matariki-public-holiday/KHEEMAAQ4GUTVLYVRPMDOPG5CI/|title=United under the stars of Aotearoa: Celebrations around the country for the first Matariki public holiday|website=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=23 June 2022 }}</ref><ref name="one-news-broadcastprep-matariki2022">{{Cite web|url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/06/23/early-morning-event-pm-speech-to-mark-first-matariki-holiday/|title=Early morning event, PM speech to mark first Matariki holiday|website=1 News}}</ref>{{not in source|date=July 2023}} Its significance to New Zealanders is also enhanced by being exclusive to New Zealand culture.<ref name="guardian-matariki">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/24/matariki-historic-moment-as-new-zealand-celebrates-first-indigenous-public-holiday|title=Matariki: 'historic' moment as New Zealand celebrates first Indigenous public holiday|date=23 June 2022|website=[[The Guardian]] }}</ref>

For businesses, Matariki is treated identically to most other public holidays; employees working on Matariki are required to be paid [[time-and-a-half]] and there are no restrictions on shops opening or alcohol sales.<ref name="matariki-tepapa-herald">{{Cite web |last1=Lineham |first1=Lochlan |last2=Gordon |first2=Natasha |date=24 June 2022 |title=Star-studded Matariki event marks NZ's historic new holiday |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/explainer-what-is-matariki-star-studded-event-at-te-papa-marks-nzs-new-holiday/IP72G2WYZ5DGBW6JSJAGY6OS6U/ |website=[[The New Zealand Herald]] }}</ref> However, due to the unique cultural significance of the holiday, Māori cultural advisers and academics have warned companies against commercialising Matariki,<ref name="guardian-matariki" /> citing cultural disrespect.<ref name="matariki-bigmac-stuff">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/128813588/noone-wants-to-see-a-matariki-big-mac-mori-cultural-advisers-warn-of-potential-commercialisation-of-matariki|title=No-one wants to see a 'Matariki Big Mac': Māori cultural advisers warn of potential commercialisation of Matariki|first=Daniel|last=Smith|date=18 June 2022|website=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] }}</ref> Due to its proximity between [[King's Official Birthday|King's Birthday]] and [[Labour Day (New Zealand)|Labour Day]], concerns were made regarding overcommercialisation of Matariki in terms of appropriating the extended public holiday as an opportunity for shopping events,<ref name="shopping-matariki-rnz">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/on-the-inside/469625/businesses-that-opt-for-matariki-sales-drive-taking-a-risk|title=Businesses that opt for Matariki sales drive taking a risk|date=22 June 2022|website=[[RNZ]] }}</ref><ref name="matariki-commercialise-concerns-newshub">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2022/06/matariki-should-not-be-commercialised-retail-nz.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411101311/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2022/06/matariki-should-not-be-commercialised-retail-nz.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2024-04-11|title=Matariki should not be commercialised – Retail NZ|newspaper=[[Newshub]] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> such as the sale of fireworks.<ref name="matariki-commercialise-concerns-newshub" /> There are concerns regarding the impact of commercialisation on Matariki in the future, potentially associating the holiday with binge-drinking instead of time with whānau (family) as intended.<ref name="nzherald-notsaintpatties-matariki">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/kahu/matariki-2022-astronomer-hopes-celebration-will-focus-on-whanau-not-binge-drinking/AEC4XMFUERW2IBI67UITIOIAOU/|title=Matariki 2022: Hopes for celebration to focus on tradition|website=[[The New Zealand Herald]] }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Tangaroa lunar period
!Matariki public holiday
|-
|2022
|21–24 June
|[[June 24|24 June]]
|-
|2023
|10–13 July
|[[July 14|14 July]]
|-
|2024
|29 June – 2 July
|[[June 28|28 June]]
|-
|2025
|19–22 June
|[[June 20|20 June]]
|-
|2026
|8–11 July
|[[July 10|10 July]]
|-
|2027
|27–30 June 
|[[June 25|25 June]]
|-
|2028
|15–18 July
|[[July 14|14 July]]
|-
|2029
|4–7 July
|[[July 6|6 July]]
|-
|2030
|23–26 June
|[[June 21|21 June]]
|-
|2031
|11–14 July
|[[July 11|11 July]]
|-
|2032
|30 June – 2 July
|[[July 2|2 July]]
|-
|2033
|20–23 June
|[[June 24|24 June]]
|-
|2034
|9–12 July
|[[July 7|7 July]]
|-
|2035
|29 June – 1 July
|[[June 29|29 June]]
|}
<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-05 |title=Dates for the Matariki public holiday |url=https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/discover-collections/read-watch-play/matariki-maori-new-year/dates-for-matariki-public-holiday |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, NZ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Te Ture mō te Hararei Tūmatanui o te Kāhui o Matariki 2022 No 14, Public Act Schedule 1 Dates of Matariki Observance Day – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2022/0014/latest/LMS557893.html |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref>