Editing Marcel Duchamp (section)

==Musical ideas==
Between 1912 and 1915, Duchamp worked with various musical ideas. At least three pieces have survived: two compositions and a note for a musical happening. The two compositions are based on [[Aleatoric music|chance operations]]. ''Erratum Musical'', written for three voices, was published in 1934. ''La Mariée mise à nu par ses célibataires même. Erratum Musical'' is unfinished and was never published or exhibited during Duchamp's lifetime. According to the manuscript, the piece was intended for a mechanical instrument "in which the virtuoso intermediary is suppressed". The manuscript also contains a description for "An apparatus automatically recording fragmented musical periods," consisting of a [[funnel]], several open-end cars and a set of numbered balls.<ref>Petr Kotik. Liner Notes to CD "The Music of Marcel Duchamp", Edition Block + Paula Cooper Gallery, 1991.</ref> These pieces predate [[John Cage]]'s ''[[Music of Changes]]'' (1951), which is often considered the first modern piece to be conceived largely through random procedures.<ref>Randel, Don Michael. 2002. The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians. {{ISBN|0-674-00978-9}}.</ref>

In 1968, Duchamp and John Cage appeared together at a concert entitled "Reunion", playing a game of chess and composing [[Aleatoric music]] by triggering a series of [[photoelectric cell]]s underneath the [[chessboard]].<ref name="toutfait.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.toutfait.com/issues/issue_2/Articles/lotringer.html |title="Becoming Duchamp" by Sylvère Lotringer |publisher=Toutfait.com |access-date=11 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312133029/http://www.toutfait.com/issues/issue_2/Articles/lotringer.html |archive-date=12 March 2013  }}</ref>