Editing Malt (section)

==Research==
Scientists aim to discover what happens inside barley grains as they become malted to help plant breeders produce better malting barley for food and beverage products. The United States [[Agricultural Research Service]] scientists are interested in specialized enzymes called serine-class [[proteases]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2010 |title=Like Malt? You'll Love This Malting Barley Research! |url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/feb10/malt0210.htm |publisher=USDA Agricultural Research Service}}</ref> that digest beta-amylases, which convert carbohydrates into "simple sugars" during the sprouting process.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2010 |title=Secrets to Superb Malting Barleys Explored by ARS Researchers |url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2010/100203.htm |access-date=7 March 2011 |publisher=USDA Agricultural Research Service}}</ref> The enzyme also breaks down stored proteins into their amino-acid derivatives. The balance of proteins and carbohydrates broken down by the enzyme affects the malt's flavor.

=== Enzyme-rich malt extract ===
Enzyme-rich malt extract (ERME) is a specialised form of barley malt extract (marketed by Ateria Health<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Ingredient – Ateria Health Ltd |url=https://ateriahealth.com/our-ingredient/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=ateriahealth.com}}</ref>), that has undergone preparation to activate the natural [[amylase]] and [[glucanase]] enzymes in the grain. Initially researched as an [[Horse|equine]] food supplement,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hunter |first=JO |date=2009 |title=Do horses suffer from irritable bowel syndrome? |url=https://equinectar.com/2009/01/do-horses-get-irritable-bowel-syndrome/ |journal=Equine Veterinary Journal |volume=41 |issue=9 |pages=836–40|doi=10.2746/042516409X474284 |pmid=20383978 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Proudman |first1=C. J. |last2=Hunter |first2=J. O. |last3=Darby |first3=A. C. |last4=Escalona |first4=E. E. |last5=Batty |first5=C. |last6=Turner |first6=C. |date=June 2014 |orig-date=2014 |title=Characterisation of the faecal metabolome and microbiome of Thoroughbred racehorses |url=https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/evj.12324 |journal=Equine Veterinary Journal |language=en |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=580–586 |doi=10.1111/evj.12324 |pmid=25041526 |s2cid=1473275 |issn=0425-1644}}</ref> pilot studies using ERME as a human [[Dietary supplement|food supplement]] have suggested that it could potentially improve the symptoms of [[Irritable bowel syndrome|Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)]] and chronic [[constipation]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haworth |first1=Jordan |last2=Bloor |first2=Sarah |last3=Hobson |first3=Anthony |date=June 2022 |orig-date=June 2022 |title=P230 Open label pilot study: an enzyme-rich malt extract (ERME™) for the treatment of chronic constipation |url=https://gut.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-BSG.284 |journal=[[BMJ]] |publisher=BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology |volume=71 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=A153.1–A153 |doi=10.1136/gutjnl-2022-BSG.284|s2cid=249904295 }}</ref> due to the way it can break down carbohydrates in the small intestine that IBS has been found to hinder.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=King |first1=TS |last2=Elia |first2=M |last3=Hunter |first3=JO |date=1998 |orig-date=October 10, 1998 |title=Abnormal colonic fermentation in irritable bowel syndrome |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02146-1 |journal=The Lancet |volume=352 |issue=9135 |pages=1187–1189 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02146-1 |pmid=9777836 |s2cid=1750363 |issn=0140-6736}}</ref> However further research is ongoing to fully prove this link.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14173715 |title=Can an enzyme-rich malt extract improve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome? |last=Cunningham |first=Andrew |publisher=ISRCTN |doi=10.1186/isrctn14173715 |language=en |doi-access= free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Edith Cowan University |first=Perth |date=2021-04-06 |title=Does Enzyme Rich Malt Extract improve symptoms and quality of life for those with Irritable Bowel Syndrome? |url=https://www.ecu.edu.au/schools/medical-and-health-sciences/our-research/school-research-areas/nutrition-and-dietetics/gut-health-and-microbiome/does-enzyme-rich-malt-extract-improve-symptoms-and-quality-of-life-for-those-with-irritable-bowel-syndrome |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=ECU |language=en-AU}}</ref>