Editing Magnetism (section)

=== Nagaoka magnetism ===
Japanese physicist Yosuke Nagaoka conceived of a type of magnetism in a square, two-dimensional lattice where every lattice node had one electron. If one electron was removed under specific conditions, the lattice's energy would be minimal only when all electrons' spins were parallel.

A variation on this was achieved experimentally by arranging the atoms in a triangular [[Moiré pattern|moiré]] lattice of [[molybdenum diselenide]] and [[tungsten disulfide]] monolayers. Applying a weak magnetic field and a voltage led to ferromagnetic behavior when 100–150% more electrons than lattice nodes were present. The extra electrons delocalized and paired with lattice electrons to form doublons. Delocalization was prevented unless the lattice electrons had aligned spins. The doublons thus created localized ferromagnetic regions. The phenomenon took place at 140 millikelvins.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Greshko |first=Michael |date=January 20, 2024 |title=Scientists Just Discovered a New Type of Magnetism |url=https://www.wired.com/story/scientists-discovered-new-type-magnetism-physics-electrons/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>