Editing MPEG-2 (section)

=== DVD-Video ===

{{Main|DVD-Video}}

The [[DVD-Video]] standard uses MPEG-2 video, but imposes some restrictions:
* Allowed Dimensions
** 720 × 480, 704 × 480, 352 × 480, 352 × 240 pixel (NTSC)
** 720 × 576, 702 × 576, 352 × 576, 352 × 288 pixel (PAL)
* Allowed [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect ratios]] (Display AR)
** 4:3 (for [[letterboxed]] widescreen and non-widescreen frames)
** 16:9 (for [[anamorphic widescreen]]<ref group="dvdaspect">1.85:1 and 2.35:1, among others, are often listed as valid DVD aspect ratios, but are wider film aspects with letterbox style padding to create a 16:9 image</ref>)
<references group="dvdaspect" />
* Allowed frame rates
** 29.97 interlaced frame/s (NTSC)
** 23.976 progressive frame/s (for NTSC 2:3 pull-down to 29.97<ref group="dvdrates">By using a pattern of REPEAT_FIRST_FIELD flags on the headers of encoded pictures, pictures can be displayed for either two or three fields and almost any picture display rate (minimum {{frac|2|3}} of the frame rate) can be achieved. This is most often used to display 23.976 (approximately film rate) video on NTSC. See [[telecine]] for more information on how this works.</ref>)
** 25&nbsp;interlaced frame/s (PAL)
<references group="dvdrates" />
* Audio + video bitrate
** Video peak 9.8&nbsp;Mbit/s
** Total peak 10.08&nbsp;Mbit/s
** Minimum 300&nbsp;kbit/s
* [[Chroma subsampling|YUV 4:2:0]]
* Additional subtitles possible
* [[Closed captioning#DVDs and Blu-ray Discs|Closed captioning]] (NTSC only)
* Audio
** [[LPCM|Linear Pulse Code Modulation]] (LPCM): 48&nbsp;kHz or 96&nbsp;kHz; 16- or 24-bit; up to six channels (not all combinations possible due to bitrate constraints)
** MPEG Layer 2 (MP2): 48&nbsp;kHz, up to 5.1 channels (required in PAL players only)
** [[Dolby Digital]] (DD, also known as AC-3): 48&nbsp;kHz, 32&ndash;448&nbsp;kbit/s, up to 5.1 channels
** [[Digital Theater Systems]] (DTS): 754&nbsp;kbit/s or 1510&nbsp;kbit/s (not required for DVD player compliance)
** NTSC DVDs must contain at least one LPCM or Dolby Digital audio track.
** PAL DVDs must contain at least one MPEG Layer 2, LPCM, or Dolby Digital audio track.
** Players are not required to play back audio with more than two channels, but must be able to [[downmixing|downmix]] multichannel audio to two channels.
* GOP structure (Group Of Pictures)
** Sequence header must be present at the beginning of every GOP
** Maximum frames per GOP: 18 (NTSC) / 15 (PAL), i.e. 0.6 seconds both
** Closed GOP required for multi-angle DVDs