Editing Luis Muñoz Marín (section)

===Governor===
Muñoz Marín officially took office on January 2, 1949. He held the post of Governor for sixteen years, being re-elected again in 1952, 1956 and 1960. In 1957, Muñoz Marín was awarded an honorary [[Doctor of Laws]] degree (LL.D.) from [[Bates College]].{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

Having made progress on illiteracy and other social problems, the party began debating how to establish an autonomous government.<ref name="p.80">Bernier-Grand et al., p. 80</ref> Muñoz Marín and his officials agreed to adopt a "Free Associated State" structure, which had been proposed by Barceló decades before. In Spanish the proposal's name remained unchanged, but in English, it was commonly referred to as a "Commonwealth", to avoid confusion with full statehood.<ref name="p.80"/> The main goal of the proposal was to provide more autonomy to the island, including executive functions similar to those in states, and to pass a constitution.<ref name="p.80"/>

During his terms as governor, a [[Constitutional Convention of Puerto Rico]], was called. Muñoz Marín participated in that and the drafting of the [[Constitution of Puerto Rico]]. It was passed by 82% of the people of Puerto Rico, and approved by the [[United States Congress]] in 1952. Supporters of independence left the PPD and founded the [[Puerto Rican Independence Party]] soon after.<ref name="p.81">Bernier-Grand et al., p. 81</ref>
[[Image:Presidential Medal of Freedom.svg|thumb|right|100px|Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction in 1963]]

The [[Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico]], led by Albizu Campos, also supported full independence and had abandoned the electoral process after low support. On October 30, 1950, a group of Puerto Rican nationalists attacked the governor's mansion and attempted to assassinate Muñoz Marín, by firing shots into his office. Muñoz Marín mobilized the [[Puerto Rican National Guard]] under the command of [[Puerto Rico Adjutant General]] [[Luis R. Esteves]] and sent them to confront the Nationalists in various towns, besides [[San Juan Nationalist revolt|San Juan]], such as [[Jayuya Uprising|Jayuya]] and [[Utuado Uprising|Utuado]]. He ordered the police to arrest many of the Nationalists, including Albizu Campos.<ref name="p.81"/><ref>''El ataque Nacionalista a La Fortaleza;'' by [[Pedro Aponte Vázquez]]; Page 7; Publisher: Publicaciones RENÉ; {{ISBN|978-1-931702-01-0}}</ref> Subsequently, the Muñoz Marín administration used law 53, known as ''Ley de Mordaza'' (lit. "the gag law") to arrest thousands of Puerto Ricans without due process, including pro-independence supporters who were not involved in the uprisings.<ref name="Malavet" />

The inauguration acts for the establishment of the ''Estado Libre Associado'' took place on July 25, 1952. Security for the event was tightened to avoid any incident, and invitations were issued.<ref name="p.82">Bernier-Grand et al., p.82</ref> Muñoz Marín feared that the new status could affect the Puerto Rican culture or "[[Americanization|Americanize]]" the island's [[Puerto Rican Spanish|language]].<ref name="p.83">Bernier-Grand et al., p. 83</ref> The government began promoting cultural activities, founding the [[Pablo Casals]] Festival, Music Conservatory, and Puerto Rico's Institute of Culture.<ref name="p.83"/>

During the decade of the 1950s, most ''jíbaros'' pursued work in factories instead of agriculture, to avoid the losses from frequent hurricanes. Many people migrated to [[New York City]] during this period for its good industrial jobs. Muñoz Marín said that he "did not agree with" the "continuing situation", and that the "battle for good life, should not have all its emphasis placed on industrialization. Part of it must be placed on agriculture."<ref name="p.83"/> American critics felt that he encouraged the migration to reduce overpopulation.<ref name="p.83"/> Despite efforts to provide more work in agriculture on the islands, the migration continued.<ref name="p.83"/>

In 1952, three United States senators referred to Muñoz Marin as a dictator when he would not approve "New Industry" tax exemptions for housing construction projects. Muñoz Marin said housing was not a new industry in Puerto Rico and the senators, [[Olin D. Johnston]], [[Owen Brewster]], and [[John Marshall Butler]] responded in kind by calling him a dictator on the floor of the US Senate.<ref name="dictator charges">{{cite news |last1=Edson |first1=Peter |title=Several Motives Are Behind Charges Against Muñoz-Marin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAIaAAAAIBAJ&q=Puerto+Rico&pg=PA2 |access-date=18 October 2019 |agency=The Times - News |date=28 February 1952}}</ref>

On December 6, 1962, Muñoz Marín was awarded the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] by US President [[John F. Kennedy]]. By 1964, Muñoz Marín had been governor for sixteen years. A group of younger members of the Popular Democratic Party felt that he should retire.<ref name="p.85">Bernier-Grand et al., p. 85</ref> They suggested that he resign, and presented a proposal for term limits&nbsp;— two terms for elected officials.<ref name="p.85"/> The group named themselves ''Los veinte y dos'' ("The twenty-twos") and began running a campaign, calling on civilians for support.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

Victoria, Muñoz Marín's youngest daughter joined the group, which he didn't oppose.<ref name="p.86">Bernier-Grand et al., p. 86</ref> The day before the party had an assembly to elect its candidates, Muñoz Marín announced his decision not to run for another term. He recommended [[Roberto Sánchez Vilella]], his [[Secretary of State of Puerto Rico|Secretary of State]], for the party's candidacy. When the crowd called for "four more years", Muñoz Marín said, "I am not your strength ... You are your own strength."<ref name="p.86"/> Sánchez Vilella was elected as governor.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}