Editing List of Roman emperors (section)

== Dominate (284–476) ==
{{Main|Dominate}}

=== Tetrarchy (284–324) ===
{{Main|Tetrarchy}}
{{Legend|#EBEBEB|({{Hash-tag}}) – Ambiguous legitimacy{{Efn|name=ambig}}}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|+ {{Sronly|Tetrarchy}}
! scope=col width="7%" | Portrait
! scope=col width="17%" | Name
! scope=col width="26%" | Reign
! scope=col width="25%" | Succession
! scope=col width="25%" | Life details

|-
| [[File:Head of Diocletian, Getty Museum (cropped).jpg|frameless|100px|alt=bust]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Diocletian]]''' "Jovius"<br/>{{Small|''Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus''}}
| 20 November 284 – 1 May 305<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|284|11|20|305|5|1}})<br/>'''Whole'''; then '''East'''}}
| Commander of the imperial bodyguard, acclaimed by the army after death of [[Numerian]], and proceeded to defeat Numerian's brother, [[Carinus]], in battle
| 22 December {{Circa}} 243 – 3 December {{Circa}} 311<br/>{{Small|(aged approx.&nbsp;68)}}<hr/>Began the last [[Diocletianic Persecution|great persecution]] of Christianity. First emperor to voluntarily abdicate. Died in unclear circumstances, possibly suicide{{Sfnm|1a1=Barnes|1pp=4, 30–32|2a1=Kienast|2a2=Eck|2a3=Heil|2pp=257–258|3a1=Grant|3p=204}}

|-
| [[File:Musée Saint-Raymond - 2017-09-02 - Inv. Ra 34b - 4654 (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=bust]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Maximian]]''' "Herculius"<br/>{{Small|''Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus''}}
| 1 April 286{{efn|The chronology of Maximian's career is disputed. Some authors argue that he was promoted to ''augustus'' without ever being ''caesar'', as claimed by many others. Another possible date for his accession as emperor (and the first division of the Roman Empire) is 13 December 285.{{sfn|Burgess|2023}}}} – 1 May 305<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|286|4|1|305|5|1}}; '''West''')}}<br/>November 306 – 11 November 308<br/>{{Small|(2 years; '''Italy''')}}
| Elevated by Diocletian, ruled the [[Western Roman Empire|western provinces]]
| c. 250 – c. July 310<br/>{{Small|(aged approx.&nbsp;60)}}<hr/>Abdicated with Diocletian, later trying to regain power with, and then from, [[Maxentius]], before being probably killed on orders of [[Constantine&nbsp;I]]{{Sfnm|1a1=Barnes|1pp=4, 13, 32, 34|2a1=Kienast|2a2=Eck|2a3=Heil|2pp=262–263|3a1=Grant|3pp=210–212}}

|-
| [[File:Portrait of Galerius, Thessaloniki (head).jpg|100px]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Galerius]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus''}}
| 1 May 305 – May 311<br/>{{Small|(6 years; '''East''')}}
| Elevated to ''caesar'' in 293 by Diocletian, succeeded as eastern ''augustus'' upon Diocletian's abdication
| c. 258 – May 311<br/>{{Small|(aged approx.&nbsp;53)}}<hr/>Died of natural causes{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1pp=272–273|2a1=Barnes|2pp=4–6, 46|3a1=Grant|3pp=221–222}}

|-
| [[File:Constantius Chlorus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN836 (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=bust]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Constantius Chlorus|Constantius I]]''' "Chlorus"<br/>{{Small|''Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius''}}
| 1 May 305 – 25 July 306<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|305|5|1|306|7|25}}; '''West''')}}
| Maximian's relation by marriage, elevated to ''caesar'' in 293 by Diocletian, succeeded as western ''augustus'' upon Maximian's abdication
| 31 March {{Circa}} 250 – 25 July 306<br/>{{Small|(aged approx. 56)}}<hr/>Died of natural causes{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1p=269|2a1=Barnes|2pp=35–36|3a1=Grant|3pp=216–218|4a1=ODB|4p=524–525}}

|-
| [[File:Severus II Aureus Joanneum.jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Severus II]]'''{{Small|<br/>''Flavius Valerius Severus''}}
| August 306 – March/April 307<br/>{{Small|(c. 8 months; '''West''')}}
| Elevated to ''caesar'' in 305 by Maximian, promoted to western ''augustus'' by Galerius upon Constantius&nbsp;I's death
| Unknown – September 307<hr/>Surrendered to Maximian and Maxentius, later murdered or forced to commit suicide{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1p=278|2a1=Barnes|2pp=4–5, 38–39|3a1=Grant|3pp=223–224}}

|-
| [[File:Portrait of Maxentius (SK Dresden Hm 406) 01 (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=bust]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Maxentius]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius''}}
| 28 October 306 – 28 October 312<br/>{{Small|(6 years; '''Italy''')}}
| Son of Maximian and son-in-law of Galerius, seized power in Italy with support of the [[Praetorian Guard]] and his father after being passed over in the succession. Not recognized by the other emperors
| c. 283 – 28 October 312<br/>{{Small|(aged approx. 29)}}<hr/>Died at the [[Battle of the Milvian Bridge]], against [[Constantine&nbsp;I]]{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1p=279|2a1=Grant|2pp=224–226|3a1=Barnes|3pp=12–13, 34}}

|-
| [[File:Bust of Licinius, Kunsthistorisches Museum (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=bust]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Licinius]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Valerius Licinianus Licinius''}}
| 11 November 308 – 19 September 324<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|308|11|11|324|9|19}})<br/>'''West'''; then '''East'''}}
| Elevated by Galerius to replace Severus, in opposition to Maxentius. Defeated [[Maximinus Daza]] in a civil war to become sole emperor of the [[Eastern Roman Empire|East]] in 313
| c. 265 – early 325<br/>{{Small|(aged approx. 60)}}<hr/>Defeated, deposed and put to death by [[Constantine&nbsp;I]]{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1p=282|2a1=Barnes|2pp=6–7, 43–44|3a1=Grant|3pp=235–237}}

|-
| [[File:Aureus of Maximinus II (obverse).jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Maximinus Daza|Maximinus II]]''' "Daza"<br/>{{Small|''Galerius Valerius Maximinus''}}
| 310 – c. July 313<br/>{{Small|(3 years; '''East''')}}
| Nephew of Galerius, elevated to ''caesar'' by Galerius in 305, and acclaimed as ''augustus'' by his troops in 310
| 20 November c. 270 – c. July 313<br/>{{Small|(aged approx. 42)}}<hr/>Defeated in civil war against [[Licinius]], died shortly afterwards{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1p=276|2a1=Barnes|2pp=6–7, 39|3a1=Grant|3pp=238–240}}

|-
| [[File:Valerius Valens coin (transparent background).png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Valerius Valens]]'''{{Efn|name=valensandmartinian|Legitimately appointed as co-emperor by Licinius, though as western emperor (in opposition to Constantine&nbsp;I). Referred as ''caesar'' in literary sources, but called ''augustus'' in coinage. Did not actually rule anything given that Licinius did not control the west.{{Sfn|Vagi|1999|pp=466–467}}}}<br/>{{Small|''Aurelius Valerius Valens''}}
| October 316 – c. January 317<br/>{{Small|(c. 2–3 months; '''East'''*)}}
| Frontier commander in [[Dacia Ripensis|Dacia]], elevated by Licinius in opposition to Constantine&nbsp;I
| Unknown – 317<hr/>Executed in the lead-up to a peace settlement between Licinius and Constantine{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1p=284|2a1=Barnes|2p=15}}

|-
| [[File:Martinian coin (transparent background).png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Martinian (emperor)|Martinian]]'''{{Efn|name=valensandmartinian}}<br/>{{Small|''Mar. Martinianus''}}
| July – 19 September 324<br/>{{Small|(2 months; '''East'''*)}}
| A senior bureaucrat, elevated by Licinius in opposition to Constantine&nbsp;I
| Unknown – Spring 325<hr/>Deposed by Constantine and banished to [[Cappadocia]], later executed{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1p=285|2a1=Barnes|2p=15}}

|}

=== Constantinian dynasty (306–363) ===
{{Main|Constantinian dynasty}}
{{Legend|#EBEBEB|({{Hash-tag}}) – Ambiguous legitimacy{{Efn|name=ambig}}}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|+ {{Sronly|Constantinian dynasty}}
! scope=col width="7%" | Portrait
! scope=col width="16%" | Name
! scope=col width="24%" | Reign
! scope=col width="23%" | Succession
! scope=col width="30%" | Life details

|-
| [[File:Constantine Chiaramonti Inv1749 (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=bust]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]]'''<br/ >"the Great"<br/>{{Small|''Flavius Valerius Constantinus''}}
| 25 July 306 – 22 May 337<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|306|7|25|337|5|22}})<br/>'''West'''; then '''whole'''}}
| Son of Constantius I, acclaimed by his father's troops as ''augustus''. Accepted as ''caesar'' by Galerius, promoted to ''augustus'' in 307 by Maximian, refused demotion to ''caesar'' in 309
| 27 February 272/273 – 22 May 337<br/>{{Small|(aged 64/65)}}<hr/>First Christian emperor and founder of [[Constantinople]]. Sole ruler of the Empire after defeating [[Maxentius]] in 312 and [[Licinius]] in 324. Died of natural causes{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1pp=286–288|2a1=Barnes|2pp=5–8, 39–42|3a1=Grant|3pp=228–231, 234}}

|-
| [[File:Campidoglio, Roma - Costantino II cesare dettaglio (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=statue]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Constantine II (emperor)|Constantine II]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Flavius Claudius Constantinus''}}
| 9 September 337 – April 340<br/>{{Small|(2 years and 7 months; '''West''')}}
| Son of Constantine I
|{{Circa}} February 316 – April 340<br/>{{Small|(aged 24)}}<hr/>Ruled the [[praetorian prefecture of Gaul]]. Killed in an ambush during a war against his brother, Constans I{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1p=296|2a1=Barnes|2pp=8, 44–45|3a1=Grant|3p=241}}

|-
| [[File:Constant head.jpg|100px|alt=bust]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Constans I]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Flavius Julius Constans''}}
| 9 September 337 – January 350<br/>{{Small|(12 years and 4 months; '''Middle''' then '''West''')}}
| Son of Constantine I
| 322/323 – January/February 350<br/>{{Small|(aged&nbsp;27)}}<hr/>Ruled Italy, Illyricum and Africa initially, then the western empire after Constantine II's death. Overthrown and killed by [[Magnentius]]{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1p=298|2a1=Barnes|2pp=8, 45}}

|-
| [[File:Bust of Constantius II (Mary Harrsch) (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=bust]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Constantius II]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Flavius Julius Constantius''}}
| 9 September 337 – 3 November 361<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|337|9|9|361|11|3}})<br/>'''East'''; then '''whole'''}}
| Son of Constantine I
| 7 August 317 – 3 November 361<br/>{{Small|(aged 44)}}<hr/>Ruled the east initially, then the whole empire after the death of [[Magnentius]]. Died of a fever shortly after planning to fight a war against [[Julian (emperor)|Julian]]{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1pp=300–301|2a1=Grant|2pp=242–244}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[File:Medallion of Magnentius.png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB" | '''[[Magnentius]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{Small|''Magnus Magnentius''}}
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | 18 January 350 – 10 August 353<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|350|1|18|353|8|10}}; '''West''')}}
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | Proclaimed emperor by the troops, in opposition to Constans I
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | c. 303 – 10 August 353<br/>{{Small|(aged approx. 50)}}<hr/>Committed suicide after losing the [[Battle of Mons Seleucus]]{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, p. 532|3a1=Kienast|3pp=305–306|2pp=248–250|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| [[File:Vetranio coin (transparent background).png|100px|alt=coin]]
| style="text-align:center" | '''[[Vetranio]]'''
| 1 March – 25 December 350<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|350|3|1|350|12|25}}; '''West''')}}
| General of Constans in Illyricum, acclaimed by the Illyrian legions at the expense of Magnentius, briefly recognized by Constantius II{{Efn|Although technically recognized by Constantius II, who even sent him the imperial [[diadem]], Vetranio is often regarded as a usurper.{{Sfnm|1a1=Grant|1p=249|2a1=Kienast|2a2=Eck|2a3=Heil|2p=307|3a1=Meijer|3y=2004|3p=127–128}} }}
| Unknown – c. 356<hr/>Abdicated in Constantius II's favor, retired, and died 6 years later{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1p=307|2a1=PLRE|2loc=Vol. I, p. 954|3a1=Omissi|3y=2018|3pp=181–182}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[File:Coin of Nepotian.png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB" | '''[[Nepotianus]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})<br/>{{Small|''Julius Nepotianus''}}
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | 3 June – 30 June 350<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|350|6|3|350|6|30}}; '''West''')}}
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | Son of [[Eutropia (sister of Constantine I)|Eutropia]], a daughter of Constantius&nbsp;I. Proclaimed emperor in Rome in opposition to Magnentius 
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | Unknown – 30 June 350<hr/>Captured and executed by supporters of Magnentius{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|1loc=Vol. I, pp. 624|2a1=Kienast|2a2=Eck|2a3=Heil|2p=306}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| [[File:Juliancng8851obverse.jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Julian (emperor)|Julian]]''' "the Apostate"<br/>{{Small|''Flavius Claudius Julianus''}}
| 3 November 361 – 26 June 363<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|361|11|3|363|6|26}})}}
| Cousin and heir of Constantius II, acclaimed by the Gallic army around February 360; entered Constantinople on 11 December 361
| 331 – 26 June 363<br/>{{Small|(aged 32)}}<hr/>Last non-Christian emperor. Mortally wounded during a [[Julian's Persian expedition|campaign against Persia]]{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1pp=309–310|2a1=Grant|2pp=251–253}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| [[File:Solidus of Jovian2 (obverse).jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Jovian (emperor)|Jovian]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Jovianus''}}{{Efn|From the fourth century, emperors and other high-profile men of non-aristocratic birth often bore the name "Flavius", the family name of the Constantinian dynasty. Because it was often used as a status marker rather than personal name,{{Sfn|Cameron|1988|pp=26, 28, 33}} "Flavius" will generally be omitted in the following entries for simplicity.}}
| 27 June 363 – 17 February 364<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|363|6|27|364|2|17}})}}
| Commander of imperial household guard; acclaimed by the army after Julian's death
| 330/331 – 17 February 364<br/>{{Small|(aged 33)}}<hr/>Died before reaching the capital, possibly due to inhaling toxic fumes or [[indigestion]]. Last emperor to rule the whole Empire during their entire reign{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1a2=Eck|1a3=Heil|1p=312|2a1=Grant|2pp=255–258|3a1=PLRE|3loc=Vol. I, p. 461}}
|}

=== Valentinianic dynasty (364–392) ===
{{Main|Valentinianic dynasty}}
{{Legend|#EBEBEB|({{Hash-tag}}) – Ambiguous legitimacy{{Efn|name=ambig}}}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|+ {{Sronly|Valentinianic dynasty}}
! scope=col width="7%" | Portrait
! scope=col width="17%" | &nbsp;Name{{Efn|Distinction between ''[[Nomen gentilicium|nomen]]'', ''[[praenomen]]'' and ''[[cognomen]]'', the core elements of [[Roman naming conventions]], began to fade away from the 3rd century onwards. Given that "new Romans" —that is, [[Barbarian#In classical Greco-Roman contexts|barbarians]] turned [[Roman citizenship|citizens]]— adopted the names of their masters, many citizens adopted the names [[Julia gens|Julius]], [[Flavian dynasty|Flavius]] (notable the [[Constantinian dynasty|Constantinians]]) and [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty|Marcus Aurelius]] (notable the 3rd century emperors), thus making them obsolete as [[surnames]]. As a result, most citizens of the Empire, even emperors, reverted back to single-names by the 5th century.{{Sfn|Salway|1994}}}}
! scope=col width="26%" | Reign
! scope=col width="25%" | Succession
! scope=col width="25%" | Life details

|-
| [[File:Restored head of Valentinian I (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Valentinian I]]''' "the Great"<br/>{{Small|''Valentinianus''}}
| 25/26 February 364 – 17 November 375<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|364|2|25|375|11|17}})<br/>'''Whole'''; then '''West'''}}
| General; proclaimed emperor by the army after Jovian's death
| 321 – 17 November 375<br/>{{Small|(aged 54)}}<hr/>Last emperor to cross the [[Rhine]] into Germania. Died of a stroke while yelling at envoys{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, pp. 933–934|3a1=Kienast|3pp=313–314|2pp=259–262|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil}}

|-
| [[File:INC-1867-a Солид. Валент II. Ок. 375—378 гг. (аверс).png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Valens]]'''
| 28 March 364 – 9 August 378<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|364|3|28|378|8|9}}; '''East''')}}
| Brother of Valentinian I, made eastern emperor by his brother (Valentinian retaining the west)
|{{Circa}} 328 – 9 August 378<br/>{{Small|(aged nearly 50)}}<hr/>Killed at the [[Battle of Adrianople]]{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, pp. 930–931|3a1=Kienast|3pp=316–318|2pp=263–265|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[File:INC-1866-a Солид. Прокопий. Ок. 365—366 гг. (аверс).png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB" | '''[[Procopius (usurper)|Procopius]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | 28 September 365 – 27 May 366<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|365|9|28|366|5|27}}; '''East''')}}
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | Maternal cousin of Julian; revolted against Valens and captured Constantinople, where the people proclaimed him emperor
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | 326 – 27/28 May 366<br/>{{Small|(aged 40)}}<hr/>Deposed, captured and executed by Valens{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|1loc=Vol. I, pp. 742–743|2a1=Kienast|2a2=Eck|2a3=Heil|2p=318}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| [[File:Gratian Trier enhanced.jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Gratian]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Gratianus''}}
| 17 November 375 – 25 August 383<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|375|11|17|383|8|25}}; '''West''')}}
| Son of Valentinian I; proclaimed western co-emperor on 24 August 367, at age 8. Emperor in his own right after Valentinian's death
| 18 April 359 – 25 August 383<br/>{{Small|(aged 24)}}<hr/>Killed by [[Andragathius]], an officer of [[Magnus Maximus]]{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, p. 401|3a1=Kienast|3pp=319–320|2pp=266–267|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| [[File:Rare aureus of Magnus Maximus (obverse transparent).png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Magnus Maximus]]'''
| 25 August 383 – 28 August 388<br/>{{Small|(5 years and 3 days; '''West''')<hr/>''with'' [[File:Solidus Flavius Victor Trier (obverse).jpg|25px]] '''[[Victor (emperor)|Victor]]''' (383/387–388)}}{{Efn|name=co-emperor|Although they constitutionally held the same supreme power as their senior counterpart, it is customary among scholars of the later empire to only regard those who actually ruled as emperors, omitting junior co-emperors who only exercised power nominally and never governed in their own name. Most of these co-emperors were  children that barely appear in historical records.{{Sfn|Foss|2005|p=101}}{{Sfn|ODB|p=360}}}}
| General, related to Theodosius I; proclaimed emperor by the troops in Britain. Briefly recognized by Theodosius I and Valentinian II
| Unknown – 28 August 388<hr/>Defeated by Theodosius I at the [[Battle of Save]], executed after surrendering{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, p. 588|3a1=Kienast|3pp=327–328|2pp=274–275|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| [[File:Statue of emperor Valentinian II (cropped enhanced).JPG|100px|alt=statue]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Valentinian II]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Valentinianus''}}
| 28 August 388 – 15 May 392<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|388|8|28|392|5|15}}; '''West''')}}
| Son of Valentinian I, proclaimed co-emperor on 22 November 375, at age 4. Sole western ruler after the defeat of [[Magnus Maximus]] in 388
| 371 – 15 May 392<br/>{{Small|(aged 20/21)}}<hr/>Dominated by regents and co-emperors his entire reign. Probably suicide, possibly killed by [[Arbogast (magister militum)|Arbogast]]{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, pp. 934–935|3a1=Kienast|3pp=321–322|2pp=268–269|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[File:Eugenius coin (transparent).png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB" | '''[[Eugenius]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | 22 August 392 – 6 September 394<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|392|8|22|394|9|6}}; '''West''')}}
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | Teacher of Latin grammar and rhetoric, secretary of Valentinian II. Proclaimed emperor by [[Arbogast (magister militum)|Arbogast]]
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | Unknown – 6 September 394<hr/>Defeated by Theodosius I at the [[Battle of the Frigidus]] and executed{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Kienast|1loc=Vol. I, p. 293|2a2=Eck|2a3=Heil|2p=329}}

|}

=== Theodosian dynasty (379–457) ===
{{Main|Theodosian dynasty}}
{{Legend|#EBEBEB|({{Hash-tag}}) – Ambiguous legitimacy{{Efn|name=ambig}}}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|+ {{Sronly|Theodosian dynasty}}
! scope=col width="7%" | Portrait
! scope=col width="15%" | Name
! scope=col width="24%" | Reign
! scope=col width="24%" | Succession
! scope=col width="30%" | Life details

|-
| [[File:Bust of Theodosius I (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=bust]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Theodosius I]]'''<br/ >"the Great"
| 19 January 379 – 17 January 395<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|379|1|19|395|1|17}}) <br/>'''East'''; then '''whole'''}} 
| Retired general; proclaimed eastern emperor by Gratian after the death of [[Valens]]
| 11 January 346/347 – 17 January 395<br/>{{Small|(aged 48/49)}}<hr/>Last emperor to briefly rule over the two halves of the Empire after the [[Battle of the Frigidus]]. Died of natural causes{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, pp. 904–905|3a1=Kienast|3pp=323–329|2pp=270–273|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil|4a1=ODB|4pp=2050–2051}}

|-
| [[File:Arcadius Istanbul Museum (cropped).JPG|100px|alt=bust]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Arcadius]]'''
| 17 January 395 – 1 May 408<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|395|1|17|408|5|1}}; '''East''')}}
| Son of Theodosius I; co-emperor since 16 January 383. Emperor in the east
| 377 – 1 May 408<br/>{{Small|(aged 31)}}<hr/>Died of natural causes{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=ODB|3a1=Grant|4a1=Croke|4y=1995|1loc=Vol. I, p. 99|2pp=173–174|3pp=276–281|4p=58}}

|-
| [[File:Diptych of Honorius (head).jpg|100px|alt=carved portrait]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Honorius]]'''
| 17 January 395 – 15 August 423<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|395|1|17|423|8|15}}; '''West''')}}
| Son of Theodosius I; co-emperor since 23 January 393. Emperor in the west
| 9 September 384 – 15 August 423<br/>{{Small|(aged 38)}}<hr/>Reigned under several successive regencies, most notably [[Stilicho]]. His reign saw the first [[Sack of Rome (410)|sack of Rome]] in eight centuries. Died of [[edema]]{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=ODB|1loc=Vol. I, p. 442|3a1=Grant|3pp=282–285|2p=946}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| [[File:Solidus of Constantine III (west).png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Constantine III (Western Roman emperor)|Constantine III]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Flavius Claudius Constantinus''}}{{Efn|name=Constantine3}}
| 407 – 411<br/>{{Small|(4 years; '''West''')<hr/>''with'' [[File:Siliqua Constans II Arelate (obverse).jpg|25px]] '''[[Constans II (son of Constantine III)|Constans]]''' (409–411)}}{{Efn|name=co-emperor}}
| Common soldier, proclaimed emperor by the troops in Britain. Recognized by Honorius in 409. Emperor in the west
| Unknown – 411 (before 18 September)<hr/>Surrendered to [[Constantius III|Constantius]], a general of Honorius, and abdicated. Sent to Italy but murdered on the way{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 316–317|2pp=286–287}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| [[File:Theodosius II Louvre Ma1036.jpg|100px|alt=bust]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Theodosius II]]'''<br/>"the Calligrapher"
| 1 May 408 – 28 July 450<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|408|5|1|450|7|28}}; '''East''')}}
| Son of Arcadius; co-emperor since 10 January 402. Emperor in the east
| 10 April 401 – 28 July 450<br/>{{Small|(aged 49)}}<hr/>His reign saw the promulgation of the [[Theodosian Code]] and the construction of the [[Theodosian Walls]]. Died of a fall from his horse{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=ODB|1loc=Vol. II, p. 1100|3a1=Grant|3pp=288–291|2pp=2051–2052}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[File:Rare solidus of Priscus Attalus (obverse).png|alt=coin|100x100px]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB" | '''[[Priscus Attalus]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | Late 409 – summer 410<br/>{{Small|(less than a year; '''Italy''')}}
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | A leading member of the Senate, proclaimed emperor by [[Alaric I|Alaric]] after the [[Sack of Rome (410)|Sack of Rome]]. Emperor in the west
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | Unknown lifespan<hr/>Deposed by Alaric after reconciling with Honorius. Tried to claim the throne again 414–415 but was defeated and forced into exile; fate unknown{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 180–181}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| [[File:Constantius III diptych (detail).jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Constantius III]]'''
| 8 February – 2 September 421<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|421|2|8|421|9|2}}}}; {{Small|'''West''')}}
| Prominent general under Honorius and husband of [[Galla Placidia]], a daughter of [[Theodosius I]]. Made co-emperor by Honorius. Emperor in the west
| Unknown – 2 September 421<hr/>''[[De facto]]'' ruler since 411; helped Honorius defeat numerous usurpers & foreign enemies. Died of illness{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 321–325|2pp=292–295}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[File:Solidus of Joannes.png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB" | '''[[Joannes]]''' ({{Hash-tag}})
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | 20 November 423 – {{Circa}} May 425<br/>{{Small|(1 year and a half; '''West''')}}
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | Senior civil servant, seized power in Rome and the west after [[Theodosius II]] delayed in nominating a successor of Honorius
| style="background:#EBEBEB" | Unknown – {{Circa}} May 425<hr/>Captured by the forces of Theodosius II, brought to Constantinople and executed{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 594–595|2pp=296–297}}

|-
! colspan=5 | &nbsp;

|-
| [[File:Bust of Valentinian III, Louvre (head).jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Valentinian III]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Placidus Valentinianus''}}
| 23 October 425 – 16 March 455<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|425|10|23|455|3|16}}; '''West''')}}
| Son of Constantius III, grandson of Theodosius I and great-grandson of Valentinian I, installed as emperor of the west by Theodosius II
| 2 July 419 – 16 March 455<br/>{{Small|(aged 35)}}<hr/>Faced the invasion of the [[Huns]]. Murdered by Optelas and Thraustelas, retainers of [[Flavius Aetius|Aetius]]{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 1138–1139|2pp=298–304}}

|-
| [[File:Solidus of Marcian.png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Marcian]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Marcianus''}}
| 25 August 450 – 27 January 457<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|450|8|25|457|1|27}}; '''East''')}}
| Soldier and official, proclaimed emperor after marrying [[Pulcheria]], a daughter of Arcadius. Emperor in the east
| 391/392 – 27 January 457<br/>{{Small|(aged 65)}}<hr/>Died after a prolonged period of illness{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=ODB|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 714–715|3a1=Grant|3pp=305–307|2pp=1296–1297}}

|}

=== Last western emperors (455–476) ===
{{See also|Fall of the Western Roman Empire}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|+ {{Sronly|Puppet emperors}}
! scope=col width="7%" | Portrait
! scope=col width="15%" | Name
! scope=col width="24%" | Reign
! scope=col width="24%" | Succession
! scope=col width="30%" | Life details

|-
| [[File:Solidus of Petronius Maximus.png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Petronius Maximus]]'''
| 17 March – 31 May 455<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|455|3|17|455|5|31}})}}
| General and civil official, murdered Valentinian&nbsp;III and married his widow, [[Licinia Eudoxia]]
| c. 397 – 31 May 455<hr/>Killed by a mob while fleeing during the [[Sack of Rome (455)|Vandalic sack of Rome]]{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 749–751|2pp=315–316}}

|-
| [[File:Solidus Avitus Arles (obverse).jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Avitus]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Eparchius Avitus''}}
| 9 July 455 – 17 October 456<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|455|7|9|456|10|17}})}}
| General; proclaimed emperor by the [[Visigoths]] and [[Gallo-Romans]] after the death of Petronius Maximus
| Late 4th century – 456/457<hr/>Defeated and deposed by the ''[[magister militum]]'' [[Ricimer]], became a bishop. Died shortly after of either natural causes, strangulation, or being starved to death{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 196–198|2pp=310–311}}

|-
| [[File:Solidus Majorian Arles (obverse).jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Majorian]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Julius Valerius Majorianus''}}
| 28 December 457 – 2 August 461<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|457|12|28|461|8|2}})}}
| General; proclaimed by the army, backed by [[Ricimer]]
| Unknown – 7 August 461<hr/>Reconquered Gaul, Hispania and Dalmatia. Deposed and executed by Ricimer{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 702–703|2pp=315–316}}

|-
| [[File:Libiusseverus01854obverse.jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Libius Severus]]'''<br/>{{Small|('''Severus III''')}}
| 19 November 461 – 14 November 465<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|461|11|19|465|11|14}})}}
| Proclaimed emperor by Ricimer
| Unknown – 14 November 465<hr/>Died of natural causes{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 1004–1005|2pp=317–318}}

|-
| [[File:Solidus of Anthemius.png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Anthemius]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Procopius Anthemius''}}
| 12 April 467 – 11 July 472<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|467|4|12|472|7|11}})}}
| General; great-grandson of [[Procopius (usurper)|Procopius]], a cousin of Julian, and husband of [[Marcia Euphemia]], a daughter of Marcian. Proclaimed western emperor by [[Leo I (emperor)|Leo I]]
| Unknown – 11 July 472<hr/>The last effective emperor of the West. Murdered by [[Gundobad]] after a civil war with Ricimer{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 96–98|2pp=319–321}}

|-
| [[File:Tremissis Olybrius (obverse).jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Olybrius]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Anicius Olybrius''}}
|{{Circa}} April – 2 November 472 <br/>{{Small|(c. 7 months)}}
| Husband of [[Placidia]], a daughter of Valentinian III. Proclaimed emperor by Ricimer
| Unknown – 2 November 472<hr/>Died of [[Edema|dropsy]]{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 796–798|2p=322}}

|-
| [[File:Solidus Glycerius Ravenna (obverse).jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Glycerius]]'''
| 3/5 March 473 – 24 June 474<br/>{{Small|(1 year, 3 months and 19/21 days)}}
| General; proclaimed emperor by [[Gundobad]]
| Unknown lifespan<hr/>Deposed by Julius Nepos and made a bishop, subsequent fate unknown{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 514, 777|2pp=323–324}}

|-
| [[File:Solidus of Julius Nepos.png|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Julius Nepos]]'''
| 24 June 474 – 28 August 475<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|474|6|24|475|8|28}})}}
----August 475 – 9 May 480<br/>{{Small|(4 years and 8 months, in [[Dalmatia (Roman province)|Dalmatia]])}}
| General; married to [[Julius Nepos's wife|a relative]] of [[Verina]], the wife of the eastern emperor [[Leo I (emperor)|Leo I]]. Installed as western emperor by Leo
| Unknown – 9 May 480<hr/>Fled to [[Dalmatia]] in the face of an attack by his ''magister militum'' [[Orestes (father of Romulus Augustulus)|Orestes]]. Continued to claim to be emperor in exile. Murdered by his retainers{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 777–778|2pp=325–326}}

|-
| [[File:Romulus Augustulus, RIC X 3419 (obverse).jpg|100px|alt=coin]]
! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | [[Romulus Augustulus|'''Romulus''' "Augustulus"]]<br/>{{Small|''Romulus Augustus''}}
| 31 October 475 – 4 September 476<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|475|10|31|476|9|4}})}}
| Proclaimed emperor by his father, the ''magister militum'' Orestes
| Roughly 465 – after 507/511?<hr/>The last western emperor. Deposed by the Germanic general [[Odoacer]] and retired. Possibly alive as late as 507 or 511; fate unknown{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. II, pp. 949–950|2pp=332–334}}

|}