Editing Lawrence, Kansas (section)

==Cityscape==
[[File:Plymouth_Church_LawrenceKS.JPG|thumb|right|[[Plymouth Congregational Church (Lawrence, Kansas)|Plymouth Church]] in Lawrence]]
[[File:Ninth Street Baptist Church.JPG|thumb|upright|The Ninth Street Baptist Church in Old West Lawrence]]

===Streets===
The early settlers of the town named the city's main road "[[Massachusetts Street|Massachusetts]]" to commemorate the [[Massachusetts|New England Emigrant Aid Company's home state]].<ref>Brackman (1997), p. 22.</ref> As laid out on the first map of Lawrence, the north–south streets to the east of Massachusetts Street were named for the original thirteen colonies running from the geographic south to the north, with only Massachusetts and New Hampshire streets out of order (guaranteeing Massachusetts Street the honor of the central business corridor), while those streets west of Massachusetts Street were named for states in order of admittance to the Union. East–west streets were named after "men who had done something in the sacred cause of liberty".<ref name="LOC HOF1">{{cite web|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82006863/1855-01-27/ed-1/seq-2/|title=The Kansas herald of freedom. (Wakarusa, Kan. Territory) 1854–1860, January 27, 1855, Image 2|date=January 27, 1855|publisher=Library of Congress}} Page 2, Section ''"Chart of Lawrence"'' (4th column, in the center).</ref> Over the years, however, this plan became marred. A number of streets were placed in the wrong order, North and South Carolina were consolidated into a single Carolina Street near [[Lawrence High School (Kansas)|Lawrence High School]], and the names of nine states (Alaska, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington and Wyoming) were never given to streets. The state street naming system was abandoned after the establishment of Iowa Street, which runs through the center of Lawrence. In 1913, the east–west streets were renamed to numbered streets.<ref name="lawrenceks7">{{cite web|url=http://www.lawrenceks.org/documents/Ordinances/Ordinances-0900s/Ord973.pdf|date=November 9, 2006|title=Ordinance No 973 (manuscript)|author1=E. U. Bond (Mayor)|author2=R. D. Brooks (City Clerk)|access-date=November 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828222332/http://www.lawrenceks.org/documents/Ordinances/Ordinances-0900s/Ord973.pdf|archive-date=August 28, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hall |first1=Brian |title=What's in a (Street) Name? |url=http://www.tauycreek.com/2015/04/whats-in-street-name.html |website=Tauy Creek |access-date=July 9, 2018 |date=April 23, 2015}}</ref>

===Neighborhoods===
Lawrence is designated by neighborhoods. Neighborhoods closest to downtown are Old West Lawrence, North Lawrence, East Lawrence, Oread, Hancock and Pinkney. The neighborhoods west of Iowa Street are Sunset Hills, Prairie Meadows, Deerfield, and Alvamar. There are several neighborhoods listed on the National Register of Historic Places: Old West Lawrence,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natregsearchresult.do?fullresult=true&recordid=41|title=Search|website=nrhp.focus.nps.gov}}</ref> Oread,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natregsearchresult.do?fullresult=true&recordid=42|title=Search|website=nrhp.focus.nps.gov}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hancock,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natregsearchresult.do?fullresult=true&recordid=26|title=Search|website=nrhp.focus.nps.gov|access-date=April 10, 2012|archive-date=May 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505182648/http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natregsearchresult.do?fullresult=true&recordid=26|url-status=dead}}</ref> Breezedale,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natregsearchresult.do?fullresult=true&recordid=8|title=Search|website=nrhp.focus.nps.gov}}</ref> and most of Rhode Island Street<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natregsearchresult.do?fullresult=true&recordid=37|title=Search|website=nrhp.focus.nps.gov}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natregsearchresult.do?fullresult=true&recordid=56|title=Search|website=nrhp.focus.nps.gov}}</ref> in East Lawrence.

====North Lawrence====
[[File:Lawrence Visitors Center.JPG|thumb|The Lawrence Visitors Center, formerly the [[Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific]] Depot]]

[[Grant Township, Douglas County, Kansas|Grant Township]], north of the Kansas River, was annexed to Douglas County in 1870 from southern [[Sarcoxie Township, Jefferson County, Kansas|Sarcoxie Township]] in [[Jefferson County, Kansas|Jefferson County]]. The largest city in the township was Jefferson, founded in 1866 just over the river from Lawrence. Jefferson was renamed North Lawrence in 1869 and it was attempted to annex the town to Lawrence proper but the motion failed. The following year, the [[Kansas Legislature|State Legislature]] annexed the town.<ref name="Andreas 1883, p. 326"/>

Just northeast of North Lawrence there once was a popular park area known as Bismarck Grove.<ref name="ks bismarck">{{cite web|url=https://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-historical-quarterly-beautiful-bismarck/13197|publisher=Kansas Historical Society|access-date=May 25, 2019|title=Beautiful Bismarck|author=Jim L. Lewis|date=Autumn 1969|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808203005/https://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-historical-quarterly-beautiful-bismarck/13197|archive-date=August 8, 2018}} Kansas Historical Society's entry for Bismarck Grove. Autumn 1969 (Vol. 35, No. 3), pages 225 to 256.</ref> During the late 19th century, this area housed numerous fairs, picnics, and temperance meetings.<ref name="ks bismarck" /> In 1870, the Kansas Pacific railroad set up a number of manufacturing and repair shops in this area, which became known as "Bismarck".<ref name="ks bismarck" /> The first organized gathering in the area took place in 1878 was the National Temperance camp meeting. The last fair was held at the Grove in 1899, and due to financial issues, the area was sold and became private property in 1900.<ref name="ks bismarck" /><ref>Lewis (1969).</ref>

===Architecture===
[[File:The Forum at Marvin Hall.jpg|thumb|The Forum at Marvin Hall]]
[[File:Wescoe Hall in Autumn 2021.jpg|thumb|Wescoe Hall on the [[University of Kansas]] campus]]
The architecture of Lawrence is greatly varied. Most buildings built before 1860 were destroyed in the Lawrence Massacre. Architectural styles represented in Lawrence's historical areas are [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]], [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]], [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]], [[Romanesque Revival architecture|Romanesque]] and many others.