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===Lymphatic drainage=== [[Lymphatic system|Lymphatic drainage]] from the ascending colon and proximal two-thirds of the [[transverse colon]] is to the [[ileocolic lymph node]]s and the [[superior mesenteric lymph node]]s, which drain into the [[cisterna chyli]].<ref name="Little, Brown, and Company">{{cite book|last1=Snell|first1=Richard S.|title=Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students|date=1992|publisher=Little, Brown, and Company|location=Boston|pages=53β54|edition=4th}}</ref> The lymph from the distal one-third of the [[transverse colon]], the [[descending colon]], the sigmoid colon, and the upper [[rectum]] drain into the inferior mesenteric and colic lymph nodes.<ref name="Little, Brown, and Company"/> The lower rectum to the anal canal above the pectinate line drain to the internal ileocolic nodes.<ref name="First Aid for the USMLE Step 1">{{cite book|last1=Le|first1=Tao|title=First Aid for the USMLE Step 1|date=2014|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|page=196|display-authors=etal}}</ref> The anal canal below the pectinate line drains into the superficial [[Groin|inguinal]] nodes.<ref name="First Aid for the USMLE Step 1"/> The [[pectinate line]] only roughly marks this transition.
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