Editing Language isolate (section)

===North America===
{| class="wikitable sortable" RULES="ALL"
|-
! Language
! data-sort-type=number | Speakers
! Status
! Countries
! Comments
|-
|[[Alsea language|Alsea]]
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" rowspan="8" |Extinct
| rowspan="4" |[[United States]]
|Poorly attested. Spoken along the central coast of [[Oregon]] until the early 1950s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Buckley |first1=Eugene |title=The Structure of the Alsea Verb Root: Papers from the 1989 Hokan-Penutian Workshop. Ed. Scott DeLancey |journal=University of Oregon Papers in Linguistics |date=1989 |volume=2 |issue=17}}</ref> Sometimes regarded as two separate languages. Often included in the [[Penutian languages|Penutian]] hypothesis in a [[Coast Oregon Penutian languages|Coast Oregon Penutian]] branch.<ref name="journals.uchicago.edu">{{cite journal |last1=Grant |first1=A.P. |title=Coast Oregon Penutian: Problems and Possibilities |journal=International Journal of American Linguistics |date=1997 |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=144–156 |doi=10.1086/466316 |s2cid=143822361 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/466316 |access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Atakapa language|Atakapa]]
| Spoken on the Gulf coast of eastern [[Texas]] and southwestern [[Louisiana]] until the early 1900s. Often linked to [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] in a [[Gulf languages|Gulf]] hypothesis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Munro|first=Pamela|date=1994|title=Gulf and Yuki-Gulf|journal=Anthropological Linguistics|volume=36|issue=2|pages=125–222|jstor=30028292|issn=0003-5483}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chimariko language|Chimariko]]
| Spoken in northern [[California]] until the 1950s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Golla |first1=Victor |title=Californian Indian Languages |date=2011 |publisher=University of California Press |page=89}}</ref> Part of the [[Hokan languages|Hokan]] hypothesis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jany |first1=Carmen |title=Chimariko Grammar: Areal and Typographical Perspective |date=2009 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Santa Barbara |page=3 |isbn=978-0-520-09875-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AWklDQAAQBAJ&q=jany+chimariko&pg=PR13 |access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chitimacha language|Chitimacha]]
| Well-attested. Spoken along the Gulf coast of southeastern [[Louisiana]] until 1940.<ref name="chitmacha">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Cecil |last2=Wichmann |first2=Soren |last3=Beck |first3=Dacid |title=Chitimacha: a Mesoamerican Language Spoken in the Lower Mississippi Valley |journal=International Journal of American Linguistics |date=2014 |volume=80 |issue=4 |pages=426–484|doi=10.1086/677911 |s2cid=145538166 }}</ref> Possibly in the [[Totozoquean languages|Totozoquean]] family of Mesoamerica.<ref name="chitmacha" />
|-
| [[Coahuilteco language|Coahuilteco]]
| rowspan="2" |[[United States]], [[Mexico]]
| Spoken in southern [[Texas]] and northeastern [[Mexico]] until the 1700s. Part of the [[Pakawan languages|Pakawan]] hypothesis,<ref name="Campbell">{{cite journal |last1=Campbell |first1=Lyle |journal=Anthropological Linguistics |date=1996 |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=620–634 |title=Coahuiltecan: A Closer Look |jstor=30013048}}</ref> has been linked to the hypothesised [[Hokan languages]] in a larger group.<ref name="Langdon">{{cite book |last1=Langdon |first1=Margaret |title=Comparative Hokan-Coahuiltecan Studies: A Survey and Appraisal |date=2011 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-088783-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=spa8TemcC3IC&q=hokan+coahuiltecan |access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Cotoname language|Cotoname]]
| Spoken in extreme southern [[Texas]] and northeastern [[Mexico]] until {{circa|1900}}. Part of the [[Pakawan languages|Pakawan]] hypothesis, has been linked to the hypothesised [[Hokan languages]] in a larger group.
|-
| [[Cuitlatec language|Cuitlatec]]
|[[Mexico]]
| Spoken in northern [[Guerrero]] until the 1960s.<ref name="El Cuitlateco">{{cite book |last1=Escalante Hernández |first1=Robert |title=El Cuitlateco |date=1982 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia |location=México, D.F.}}</ref> Has been proposed to be part of [[Macro-Chibchan languages|Macro-Chibchan]]<ref name="Amerind Dictionary">{{cite book |last1=Greenberg |first1=Joseph |last2=Ruhlen |first2=Merritt |title=An Amerind Etymological Dictionary |publisher=Dept. of Anthropological Sciences Stanford University |page=276 |url=http://www.merrittruhlen.com/files/AED5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225141018/http://www.merrittruhlen.com/files/AED5.pdf |access-date=9 February 2021|archive-date=2010-12-25 }}</ref> and [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]].<ref name="El Cuitlateco"/>
|-
| [[Esselen language|Esselen]]
|[[United States]]
| Poorly known. Spoken in the [[Big Sur]] region of [[California]] until the early 1800s. Part of the [[Hokan languages|Hokan]] hypothesis.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leedom Shaul |first1=David |title=The Huelel (Esselen) language |journal=International Journal of American Linguistics |date=1995 |volume=61 |issue=5 |pages=191–239 |doi=10.1086/466251 |s2cid=144781879 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/466251 |access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Haida language|Haida]]
|13
| data-sort-value=4 | Moribund
|[[Canada]], [[United States]]
| Spoken in the [[Haida Gwaii]] archipelago off the northwest coast of [[British Columbia]], and the southern islands of the [[Alexander Archipelago]] in southeastern [[Alaska]]. Some proposals connect it to the [[Na-Dené languages]], but these have fallen into disfavor.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Levine |first1=Robert D. |title=Haida and Na-Dene: A new look at the evidence |journal=International Journal of American Linguistics |date=1979 |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=151–170 |doi=10.1086/465587 |s2cid=143503584 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Huave language|Huave]]
|20,000
| data-sort-value=3 | Vulnerable
|[[Mexico]]
| Spoken in the [[Isthmus of Tehuantepec]], in the southeast of [[Oaxaca]] state. Has been linked to various language families, but is still generally considered an isolate.<ref name="AmerIndLang-Campbell">{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Lyle |title=American Indian Languages – The Historical Linguistics of Native America |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics, Oxford University Press. |location=Oxford }}</ref>
|-
| [[Karuk language|Karuk]]
|12
| data-sort-value=4 | Moribund
| rowspan="4" |[[United States]]
| Spoken along the [[Klamath River]] in northwestern [[California]]. Part of the [[Hokan languages|Hokan]] hypothesis, but little evidence for this.<ref name="AmerIndLang-Campbell" />
|-
|[[Keres language|Keres]]
|13,190
| data-sort-value=3 |Endangered
|Spoken in several pueblos throughout [[New Mexico]], including [[Cochiti, New Mexico|Cochiti]] and [[Acoma Pueblo|Acoma]] Pueblos. Has two main dialects: Eastern and Western. Sometimes those two dialects are separated into languages in a Keresan family.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Wick |title=Proto-Keresan Phonology |journal=International Journal of American Linguistics |date=1963 |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=310–330 |doi=10.1086/464748 |s2cid=143519987 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/464748 |access-date=11 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Klamath language|Klamath–Modoc]]
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" |Extinct
| Spoken around [[Upper Klamath Lake|Klamath Lake]] in southern [[Oregon]] and northern [[California]] until 2003, after the last speaker died. Part of the [[Plateau Penutian languages|Plateau Penutian]] branch of the [[Penutian languages|Penutian]] hypothesis.
|-
| [[Konkow language|Konkow]]
|3
| data-sort-value=4 rowspan="2" | Moribund
|Spoken in [[California]] in the [[United States]]. Also known as ''Northwest Maidu''. The last surviving member of the [[Maiduan languages|Maiduan language family]] after the other languages went extinct by 2000. Part of the [[Penutian languages|Penutian]] hypothesis.
|-
| [[Kutenai language|Kutenai]]
|345
|[[Canada]], [[United States]]
| Spoken in the [[Rocky Mountains|Rockies]] of northeastern [[Idaho]], northwestern [[Montana]] and southeastern [[British Columbia]]. Attempts have been made to place it in a Macro-Algic or Macro-Salishan family, but these have not gained significant support.<ref name="AmerIndLang-Campbell" />
|-
| [[Molala language|Molala]]
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Extinct
| rowspan="2" | [[United States]]
| Spoken in [[Oregon]] until 1958. Part of the [[Plateau Penutian languages|Plateau Penutian]] branch of the [[Penutian languages|Penutian]] hypothesis.
|-
| [[Natchez language|Natchez]]
| Spoken in southern [[Mississippi]] and eastern [[Louisiana]] until 1957.<ref name=kimball2>{{cite book|last=Kimball|first=Geoffry|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nd5o9juMePEC&pg=PA385|chapter=Natchez|title=Native Languages of the Southeastern United States |editor=Janine Scancarelli |editor2=Heather Kay Hardy |publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=2005|pages=385–453|isbn=978-0-8032-4235-7}}</ref> Often linked to [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] in a [[Gulf languages|Gulf]] hypothesis.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Haas |first1=M.R. |title=Natchez and the Muskogean languages |journal=Language |date=1956 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=61–72|doi=10.2307/410653 |jstor=410653 }}</ref> Attempts at revival have produced six people with some fluency.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Smith
| first = Diane
| title = University helps Native Americans save languages: Project aims to increase field linguists.
| work = Seattle Times Newspaper
| access-date = 2013-06-02
| date = 2011-06-15
| url = http://seattletimes.com/html/living/2015308947_native16.html#.Tf91h9keT90;facebook
}}</ref>
|-
| [[Purépecha language|Purépecha]]
|142,500<ref>[http://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/hipertexto/todas_lenguas.htm Lenguas indígenas y hablantes de 3 años y más, 2020] INEGI. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020.</ref>
| data-sort-value=3 | Endangered
|[[Mexico]]
| Spoken in the north of [[Michoacán]] state. Language of the ancient [[Tarascan state|Tarascan]] kingdom. Sometimes regarded as two languages.<ref name="AmerIndLang-Campbell" />
|-
| [[Salinan language|Salinan]]
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" |Extinct
|[[United States]]
| Spoken along the south-central coast of [[California]]. Part of the [[Hokan languages|Hokan]] hypothesis.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turner |first1=Katherina |title=Areal and Genetic linguistic affiliations of the Salinan |journal=Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics |date=1983 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=215–247 |url=https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/482/ling.wp.v8.n2.paper6.pdf;sequence=1 |access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Seri language|Seri]]
|720
| data-sort-value=2 | Vulnerable
| [[Mexico]]
| Spoken along the coast of the [[Gulf of California]], in the southwest of [[Sonora]] state. Part of the [[Hokan languages|Hokan]] hypothesis.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marlett |first1=Stephen |title=La situación sociolingüística de la lengua seri en 2006 |url=http://www.lengamer.org/publicaciones/trabajos/seri_socio.pdf |website=Lenguas de las Americas |publisher=lengamer.org |access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Siuslaw language|Siuslaw]]
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" rowspan="3" |Extinct
| rowspan="3" | [[United States]]
| Spoken on the southwest coast of [[Oregon]] until 1960. Likely related to [[Alsea language|Alsea]], [[Coosan languages]], or possibly the [[Wintuan languages]]. Part of the [[Penutian]] hypothesis.<ref name="journals.uchicago.edu"/>
|-
| [[Takelma language|Takelma]]
| Spoken in western [[Oregon]] until mid 20th century. <ref name="jstor.org">{{cite journal |last1=Kendall |first1=Daythall |title=The Takelma Verb: Towards Proto-Takelma-Kalapuyan |journal=International Journal of American Linguistics |date=1997 |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.1086/466312 |jstor=1265863 |s2cid=144593968}}</ref> Part of the [[Penutian]] hypothesis.<ref name="jstor.org"/>
|-
| [[Timucua language|Timucua]]
| Well attested. Spoken in northern [[Florida]] and southern [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] until the mid- to late 1700s. Briefly spoken in Cuba by a migrant community established in 1763. A connection with the poorly known [[Tawasa language]] has been suggested, but this may be a dialect.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Granberry |first1=Julian |title=A grammatical sketch of Timucua |journal=International Journal of American Linguistics |year=1990 |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=60–101 |doi=10.1086/466138 |s2cid=143759206 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/466138}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tol language|Tol]]
|500
| data-sort-value=3 | Endangered
|[[Honduras]]
| Spoken in [[La Montaña de la Flor]] reservation in [[Francisco Morazán Department]] in [[Honduras]]. The only surviving member of the [[Jicaquean languages|Jicaquean]] language family. Language isolate since the [[Western Jicaque language]] went extinct after the 19th century. Part of the [[Hokan languages|Hokan]] hypothesis.
|-
| [[Tonkawa language|Tonkawa]]
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Extinct
| rowspan="6" | [[United States]]
| Spoken in central and northern [[Texas]] until the early 1940s.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
|-
| [[Tunica language|Tunica]]
| Spoken in western [[Mississippi]], northeastern [[Louisiana]], and southeastern [[Arkansas]] until 1948. Attempts at revitalization have produced 32 second-language speakers.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
|-
| [[Washo language|Washo]]
|20
| data-sort-value=4 | Moribund
| Spoken along the [[Truckee River]] in the Sierra Nevada of eastern [[California]] and northwestern [[Nevada]]. Part of the [[Hokan languages|Hokan]] hypothesis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mithun |first1=Marianne |title=The Languages of Native North America |date=2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |page=303 |isbn=978-0-521-29875-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALnf3s2m7PkC&q=yuchi |access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Yana language|Yana]]
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Extinct
| Well-attested. Spoken in northern [[California]] until 1916. Part of the [[Hokan languages|Hokan]] hypothesis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mithun |first1=Marianne |title=The Languages of Native North America |date=2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |page=564 |isbn=978-0-521-29875-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALnf3s2m7PkC&q=yuchi |access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Yuchi language|Yuchi]]
| Spoken in Oklahoma, but formerly spoken in eastern Tennessee. A connection to the [[Siouan languages]] has been proposed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mithun |first1=Marianne |title=The Languages of Native North America |date=2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |page=571 |isbn=978-0-521-29875-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALnf3s2m7PkC&q=yuchi |access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref> The last native speaker died in 2021, but there is an ongoing revitalization project that has trained a small number of L2s.
|-
| [[Zuni language|Zuni]]
|9,620
| data-sort-value=2 | Vulnerable
|Spoken in [[Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico|Zuni Pueblo]] in northwestern [[New Mexico]]. Links to [[Penutian languages|Penutian]]<ref name="goddard">{{cite book |last1=Goddard |first1=Ives |editor1-last=Goddard |editor1-first=I |title= Handbook of North American Indians: Languages |date=1996 |pages=290–323 |chapter=The classification of the native languages of North America. }}</ref> and [[Keres language|Keres]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=L |last2=Mithun |first2=M |title=The Languages of Native America:Historical and Comparative Assessment |date=2014 |publisher=University of Texas Press |location=Austin |page=418 |isbn=978-0-292-76850-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=maGDBAAAQBAJ |access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref> have been proposed.
|}