Editing Kurma (section)

=== Padma Purana ===
{| class="wikitable"
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! rowspan="2" |[[Padma Purana|Padma]]
!References
!Notes
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|'''Part 1:''' 3.25b-29, 4, 5.81-87, 13.146b, 13.180, 13.186, 14.22-27;<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/padma_purana_part1_english|title=Padma Purana Part 1 Srishti Khanda Motilal Banarsidass 1988|last=N. A. Deshpande|date=1988-01-01}}</ref> '''Part 2:''' 41.38-44a, 47.77-78, 47.85, b-8649.120-122a, 53.3, 75.90;<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/padma_purana_part2_english|title=Padma Purana Part 2 Srishti Khanda Motilal Banarsidass 1989|last=N. A. Deshpande|date=1989-01-01}}</ref> '''Part 5:''' 8–10;<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.21800|title=THE PADMA-PURANA PART. 5|last=N.A|date=1952|publisher=MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. DELHI}}</ref> '''Part 6:''' 78.28-43;<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.22055|title=THE PADMA-PURANA PART. 6|last=N.A|date=1952|publisher=MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. DELHI}}</ref> '''Part 7:''' 5.12-20, 30.11-15, 66.44-54, 71.23-29b, 71.169-188, 71.244-264, 78.16-29;<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12949|title=THE PADMA-PURANA PART. 7|last=N.A|date=1952|publisher=MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD, DELHI}}</ref> '''Part 8:''' 97.6b-8, 120.51b-73;<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12952|title=THE PADMA-PURANA PART. 8|last=N.A|date=1952|publisher=MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD, DELHI}}</ref> '''Part 9:''' 228.19-24, 229.40-44, 230.3-11, 231–232, 237.15-19;<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12954|title=THE PADMA-PURANA PART. 9|last=N.A|date=1956|publisher=MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD, DELHI}}</ref> '''Part 10:''' 6.175-190, 11.80-89, 11.92b-101, 17.103-117<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.21961|title=THE PADMA-PURANA PART.10|last=N.A.|date=1956|publisher=MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. DELHI}}</ref>
|No notable mentions in parts 3 or 4<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.21960|title=THE PADMA-PURANA PART. 3|last=N.A.|date=1951|publisher=MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. DELHI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12948|title=THE PADMA-PURANA PART. 4|last=N.A|date=1952|publisher=MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD, DELHI}}</ref>
|}

{{blockquote|[[Vishnu|Visnu]] himself, remaining in the ocean in the form of a tortoise, nourished the gods with unusual lustre... the goddess [[Varuni]] became (manifest), Her eyes were rolling about due to intoxication... [she said:] "I am a goddess giving strength. The demons may take me". Regarding Varuni as impure, the gods let her go. Then the demons took her. She became wine after being taken (by them)... Then the deadly poison (came up). By it all gods and demons with (other) deities were afflicted. Mahadeva [<nowiki/>[[Shiva]]] took and drank that poison at his will. Due to drinking it Mahadeva had his throat turned dark blue. The [[Nāga|Nagas]] drank the remaining poison that had come up from the White [Milky] Ocean.|source=Padma Purana (translated by N.A. Deshpande, 1988), Part 1, Chapter 4, Verses 41-56}}
[[File:Raja Ravi Varma, Goddess Lakshmi, 1896.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|The Goddess [[Lakshmi]], consort of [[Vishnu]] also known as 'Sri'.]]
In the [[Padma Purana]] three accounts of the [[Samudra manthan|Samudra Manthana]] are given, all beginning with [[Indra]] being cursed by [[Durvasa]]s for arrogance. In the first, narrated by [[Pulastya]], as a result of the curse the 'three worlds, along with Indra, were void of affluence... [and] the [[Daitya]]s (sons of [[Diti]]) and [[Danava (Hinduism)|Danavas]] (sons of [[Danu (Asura)|Danu]]) started military operations against [the] gods', forcing them to seek refuge with [[Vishnu]]. [[Vasuki]] is used as a rope to churn the ocean. Notably, during the churning, [[Varuni]] (Goddess of Wine) is upon emerging rejected by the gods and accepted by the [[asura]]s, the opposite of the account given in the [[Brahmanda Purana]] (to explain the meaning of 'Asura'). Unnamed poison also emerges which is drunk by [[Shiva]], before the emergence of [[Dhanvantari]] with the nectar of immortality ([[Amrita]]) as well as [[Lakshmi]]. Although the asuras take the nectar, Vishnu assumes the form of [[Mohini]] to trick them and give it to the gods. The asuras are destroyed, with the Danavas since then becoming 'eager for (the company of) ladies' (Part 1: 4).

{{blockquote|O gods, Indira (i.e. [[Lakshmi|Laksmi]]), due to whose mere glance the world is endowed with glory, has vanished due to the curse of the [[Brahmin|Brahmana]] (viz. [[Durvasa]]s). Then, O gods, all of you, along with the demons, having uprooted the golden mountain Mandara and making it, with the king of serpents going round it, the churning-rod, churn the milky ocean. O gods, from it Laksmi, the mother of the world will spring up. O glorious ones, there is no doubt that because of her you will be delighted. I myself, in the form of a tortoise, shall fully hold the (Mandara) mountain (on my back).|source=Padma Purana (translated by N.A. Deshpande, 1988), Part 5, Chapter 8, Verses 19b-23}}
[[File:Dashavatara.jpg|thumb|280x280px|the [[Dashavatara]], or ten principle [[avatar]]s of [[Vishnu]].]]
In the second account, narrated by [[Sūta|Suta]], as a result of the curse the 'mother of the worlds' ([[Lakshmi]]) disappears, and the world is ruined by drought and famine, forcing the gods - oppressed by hunger and thirst - to seek refuge with [[Vishnu]] at the shore of the [[Kshir Sagar|Milky Ocean]] (Part 5: 8). [[Ananta (infinite)|Ananta]] ([[Vasuki]] in the first account) is used as a churning rope. On [[Ekadashi]] day, the poison Kalakuta emerges, which is swallowed by [[Shiva]] 'meditating upon Vishnu in his heart'. An evil being called [[Alakshmi|Alaksmi]] (i.e. a-Laksmi or 'not [[Lakshmi|Laksmi]]') them emerges and is told to reside in places such as where there is quarrel, gambling, adultery, theft, and so forth (Part 5: 9). The churning continues and auspicious beings and items emerge, including 'the brother of Laksmi, [who] sprang up with nectar. (So also) [[Ocimum tenuiflorum|Tulasi]] [i.e. [[Lakshmi]]], Visnu's wife'. On this occasion, Vishnu assumes the form of [[Mohini]] merely to distribute the nectar amongst the gods, without mention of tricking the asuras (Part 5: 10).

The third account, narrated by [[Shiva]], is very similar to the others except with a far greater emphasis on [[Lakshmi]], and although the poison Kalakuta emerges and is swallowed by Shiva, there is no mention of Alaksmi or the Mohini avatar (Part 9: 231–232). The [[Nāga|Naga]] used as a rope for churning is referred to as 'the Lord of the Serpents' (likely [[Ananta (infinite)|Ananta]]). Other details include:

* Kurma is mentioned as an avatar of [[Vishnu]] (Part 1: 3.25b-29), as a giver of boons (Part 1: 5.81-87), and is stated to have appeared during the fourth war between the devas and asuras (Part 1: 13.180); during the churning, [[Indra]] is stated to have vanquished [[Prahlada]] (Part 1: 13.186)
* Relating to Kurma as the [[World Turtle|world-turtle]], it is stated 'Due to truth (alone), the sun rises; also the wind blows; the ocean would (i.e. does) not cross its boundary nor would (i.e. does) the Tortoise avert (sustaining) the earth' (Part 2: 53.3); Kurma is also mentioned as the 'first tortoise', the prop of everything, cause of production of ambrosia, and the support of the Earth (Part 7: 71.169-188); finally, after raising the earth from the waters in the form of a boar ([[Varaha]]), it is stated that [[Vishnu]] placed it on the head of [[Shesha|Sesa]] before taking the form of Kurma (Part 9: 237.15-19)
* Kurma is named as one of the 10 primary avatars ([[Dashavatara]]) of [[Vishnu]] by [[Yama (Hinduism)|Yama]] (Part 7: 66.44-54), [[Brahma]] (Part 7: 71.23-29b), and [[Shiva]] (Part 9: 229.40-44) 
* The [[Shaligram|salagrama]] of Kurma is described as 'raised, round on the surface, and is filled with a disc (like figure). Marked with Kaustubha, it has a green colour' (Part 8: 20.51b-73)
* Kurma is stated to reside in [[Vaikuntha]] (Part 9: 228.19-24); and is one of the 108 names of Vishnu (Part 10: 17.103-117)
* Shiva gives salutations to Kurma, who 'extracted the Earth along with mountains, forests and groves, from inside the water of the deep ocean' (Part 10:  6.175-190)