Editing Koi (section)

=== Disease ===
Koi are very hardy. With proper care, they resist many of the parasites that affect more sensitive tropical fish species, such as ''[[Trichodina]], [[Epistylis]]'', and ''[[Ichthyophthirius multifiliis]]'' infections. Water changes help reduce the risk of diseases and keep koi from being stressed. Two of the biggest health concerns among koi breeders are the [[koi herpes virus]] (KHV<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doctor |first=Atsushi Ueno |date=18 December 2023 |title=Research On Khv Disease In Koi Fish |url=https://zenkoifarm.vn/kiem-soat-va-dieu-tri-benh-khv-o-ca-koi/ |access-date=9 February 2024 |website=Zen Koi Garden Research Center |language=vi |archive-date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516033046/https://zenkoifarm.vn/kiem-soat-va-dieu-tri-benh-khv-o-ca-koi/ |url-status=live }}</ref>) and [[rhabdovirus]] carpio, which causes [[spring viraemia of carp]] (SVC). No treatment is known for either disease. Some koi farms in Israel use the KV3 vaccine, developed by M. Kotler from the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] and produced by Kovax, to immunise fish against KHV. Israel is currently the only country in the world to vaccinate koi against the KHV. The vaccine is injected into the fish when they are under one year old, and is accentuated by using an [[ultraviolet]] light. The vaccine has a 90% success rate<ref>[http://www.kovax.co.il/products/kv3-vaccine-against-khv/ "KV3 Vaccine against KHV"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629202233/http://www.kovax.co.il/products/kv3-vaccine-against-khv/ |date=29 June 2017 }}. KoVax Ltd. – Specializes in Aqua culture vaccines development and Manufacturing.</ref> and when immunized, the fish cannot succumb to a KHV outbreak and neither can the immunised koi pass KHV onto other fish in a pond.<ref>Reynolds, Paula (October 2011) [http://www.mitchkoi.co.uk/media/In-Focus-KHV.pdf ISRAELI KOI ...and the battle against KHV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323045303/http://www.mitchkoi.co.uk/media/In-Focus-KHV.pdf |date=23 March 2014 }}. mitchkoi.co.uk</ref> Only [[biosecurity]] measures such as prompt detection, [[Isolation (health care)|isolation]], and [[disinfection]] of tanks and equipment can prevent the spread of the disease and limit the loss of fish stock. In 2002, spring viraemia struck an ornamental koi farm in [[Kernersville, North Carolina]], and required complete depopulation of the ponds and a lengthy quarantine period. For a while after this, some koi farmers in neighboring states stopped importing fish for fear of infecting their own stocks.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131004225841/http://www.sfbakc.org/Articles/SVC_Impact.htm Spring Viremia of Carp]. Impact Worksheet•17 July 2002</ref><ref>[http://koisale.com/inprogress2/ourkoi.php "Blackwater Creek Koi Farms"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321072753/http://www.koisale.com/inprogress2/ourkoi.php |date=21 March 2015 }}. ''koisale.com''.</ref>