Editing Kapp Putsch (section)

===Ruhr uprising===
{{Main|Ruhr uprising}}
The effects of the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch throughout Germany were more lasting than in Berlin. In some parts of the country, the strike turned into an armed revolt. The violence came from local military commanders who supported the new government and arrested pickets, which the workers resisted. In [[Thuringia]] and [[Province of Saxony|Saxony]] the military defeated the workers after bloody fights.<ref name="Haffner" />{{rp|228–229}} In the [[Ruhr]], the workers continued their protests after the Putsch in Berlin had collapsed. In the [[Ruhr uprising]], the [[Red Ruhr Army]] of about 50,000 workers went on the offensive with the goal of overthrowing the Weimar Republic and replacing it with a soviet-style council republic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scriba |first=Arnulf |date=1 September 2014 |title=Die Märzkämpfe 1919 |trans-title=The March Battles 1919 |url=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/kapitel/weimarer-republik/revolution-191819/maerzkaempfe-1919.html |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=Deutsches Historisches Museum |language=de}}</ref> On {{awrap|17 March}} it took Dortmund, on 18 March [[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]] and [[Bochum]] and on 19 March [[Essen]], causing the local commander of the military district at [[Münster]] to order a withdrawal. By 22 March, the Ruhr was under the control of the revolutionary workers.<ref name="Haffner"/>{{rp|228–229}}

The legitimate government returned to Berlin on 20 March and demanded an end to the general strike. It offered some concessions to the unions, some of them made in bad faith.<ref name="Haffner"/>{{rp|232}} The unions ([[Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund|ADGB]], [[Allgemeiner freier Angestelltenbund|Afa-Bund]] and [[German Civil Service Federation|DBB]]) demanded the creation of a new government made up of SPD and USPD led by [[Carl Legien]], but only a new government based on the Weimar Coalition found a majority in the National Assembly. [[Hermann Müller (politician, born 1876)|Hermann Müller]] (SPD) replaced Bauer as chancellor.<ref name="BPB"/>{{rp|26}} The government then tried to negotiate with workers who refused to lay down their arms after the unions called off the strike on 22 March. When the negotiations failed, the revolt in the Ruhr was suppressed by Reichswehr and ''Freikorps'' units in early April 1920. Over 1,000 workers were killed, many in [[summary execution]]s, some committed by units that had been involved in the Putsch, including the ''Marinebrigade Loewenfeld''. Another 600 Reichswehr and Freikorps soldiers also lost their lives.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Winkler |first=Heinrich August |author-link=Heinrich August Winkler |title=Weimar 1918–1933. Die Geschichte der ersten deutschen Demokratie |title-link=Heinrich August Winkler |publisher=C.H. Beck |year=1993 |isbn=3-406-37646-0 |location=Munich |pages=133–134 |language=de |trans-title=Weimar 1918–1933. The History of the FIrst German Democracy}}</ref> As in 1918–1919, those on the left had cause to accuse the SPD and the Ebert government of siding with the enemies of the workers and of the republic.<ref name="Haffner"/>{{rp|229,233}}