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=== Hydrocarbons === In 2005, a government decree authorized preliminary exploration for liquid or gas [[hydrocarbon]]s offshore. This authorization covers an area of approximately 62,000 square kilometers surrounding the island.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2005-05-23|title=Arrêté du 23 mai 2005 accordant une autorisation de prospections préalables d'hydrocarbures liquides ou gazeux portant sur le sous-sol de la mer|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000444701|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-08|website=Légifrance}}</ref> In 2008, a subsequent decree granted an exploration permit for the "Juan de Nova Est" field to the companies Nighthawk Energy Plc, Jupiter Petroleum Juan de Nova Ltd, and Osceola Hydrocarbons Ltd, as well as to Marex Inc. and [[Roc Oil Company]] Ltd for the "Juan de Nova Maritime Profond" field. The licensees had to commit to investing around $100 million over five years for mining and research. The eastern boundary of these exploration areas is in contention with Madagascar and its exclusive economic zone. In 2015, the drilling authorization was renewed Sapetro and Marex Petroleum for a period of three years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sartre|first=Julien|title=L'embarrassant pétrole français des îles Eparses|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/091215/l-embarrassant-petrole-francais-des-iles-eparses|access-date=2021-02-08|website=Mediapart|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2015-10-02|title=Pétrole : deux compagnies font plier Ségolène Royal à Juan de Nova|language=fr|work=Le Marin|url=https://lemarin.ouest-france.fr/secteurs-activites/oil-gas/23182-hydrocarbures-deux-petroliers-font-plier-segolene-royal-juan-de|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2015-09-21|title=Arrêté du 21 septembre 2015 prolongeant le permis exclusif de recherches de mines d'hydrocarbures conventionnels liquides ou gazeux, dit « permis de Juan de Nova maritime profond » (Terres australes et antarctiques françaises), aux sociétés South Atlantic Petroleum JDN SAS et Marex Petroleum Corp, conjointes et solidaires|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000031239694|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-08|website=Légifrance}}</ref> However, these projects have been abandoned since 2019, when the island was classified as a nature reserve.
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