Editing Joystick (section)

== Non-human use ==
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Croney 2021 pig adapted controller.jpg
| alt1              = A joystick designed specifically to be used by pigs
| caption1          = A joystick designed specifically to be used by pigs
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| image2            = Croney 2021 pig using controller.jpg
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| caption2          = Joystick on the left when in use<ref name="Croney2021" />
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In 1996, a [[scientific study]] established that both [[chimpanzee]]s and [[rhesus monkey]]s could be taught to move a pointer on a screen by using a joystick. Both have consistently managed to demonstrate "conceptual knowledge" of the task required of them during trials, although rhesus monkeys were notably slower to do so.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hopkins |first1=William D. |last2=Washburn |first2=David A. |last3=Hyatt |first3=Charles W. |title=Video-task acquisition in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): A comparative analysis |journal=Primates |volume=37 |pages=197–206 |year=1996 |issue=2 |doi=10.1007/BF02381407 |pmid=11541941 }}</ref>

In 2021, another pair of researchers investigated the level of [[intelligence]] in domestic [[pig]]s by designing a joystick which could be controlled with their snout. Unlike the chimpanzees or the rhesus monkeys, none of the four pigs was able to fully meet the 1996's test criteria for "[[motor skill|motoric]] or conceptual acquisition" of the task, but they still performed "significantly above chance". Notably, the pigs experienced additional difficulties in comparison to the primates, as they were all [[Hyperopia|far-sighted]] and so may have struggled with the details on screen, and they could not move the target with a joystick without taking their eyes off the screen first.<ref name="Croney2021">{{cite journal |last1=Croney |first1=Candace C. |last2=Boysen |first2=Sarah T. |title=Acquisition of a Joystick-Operated Video Task by Pigs (Sus scrofa) |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=12 |date=11 February 2021 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631755  |doi-access=free |pmid=33679560 |pmc=7928376 }}</ref>