Editing Jitter (section)

==Mitigation==

=== Anti-jitter circuits===
Anti-jitter circuits (AJCs) are a class of [[electronic circuit]]s designed to reduce the level of jitter in a clock signal. AJCs operate by re-timing the output pulses so they align more closely to an idealized clock. They are widely used in clock and data recovery circuits in [[digital communications]], as well as for data sampling systems such as the [[analog-to-digital converter]] and [[digital-to-analog converter]]. Examples of anti-jitter circuits include [[phase-locked loop]] and [[delay-locked loop]].

===Jitter buffers===
Jitter buffers or de-jitter buffers are [[Buffer (telecommunication)|buffers]] used to counter jitter introduced by queuing in [[packet switching|packet-switched networks]] to ensure continuous playout of an audio or video [[media stream]] transmitted over the network.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://searchenterprisevoice.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid66_gci906844,00.html |title=Jitter Buffer |access-date=2006-04-03 |archive-date=2006-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507172221/http://searchenterprisevoice.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid66_gci906844,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>  The maximum jitter that can be countered by a de-jitter buffer is equal to the buffering delay introduced before starting the play-out of the media stream. In the context of packet-switched networks, the term ''[[packet delay variation]]'' is often preferred over ''jitter''.

Some systems use sophisticated delay-optimal de-jitter buffers that are capable of adapting the buffering delay to changing network characteristics. The adaptation logic is based on the jitter estimates computed from the arrival characteristics of the media packets. Adjustments associated with adaptive de-jittering involves introducing discontinuities in the media play-out which may be noticeable to the listener or viewer. Adaptive de-jittering is usually carried out for audio play-outs that include [[voice activity detection]] that allows the lengths of the silence periods to be adjusted, thus minimizing the perceptual impact of the adaptation.

===Dejitterizer===
A dejitterizer is a device that reduces jitter in a [[digital signal]].<ref>{{FS1037C |article=dejitterizer |url=https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-011/_1532.htm }}</ref> A dejitterizer usually consists of an [[elastic buffer]] in which the signal is temporarily stored and then retransmitted at a rate based on the average rate of the incoming signal. A dejitterizer may not be effective in removing low-frequency jitter (wander).

===Filtering and decomposition===
A filter can be designed to minimize the effect of sampling jitter.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ahmed |first1=Salman |last2=Chen |first2=Tongwen |title=Minimizing the Effect of Sampling Jitters in Wireless Sensor Networks |journal=IEEE Signal Processing Letters |date=April 2011 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=219–222 |doi=10.1109/LSP.2011.2109711|bibcode=2011ISPL...18..219A }}</ref>

A jitter signal can be decomposed into [[intrinsic mode function]]s (IMFs), which can be further applied for filtering or dejittering.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}