Editing Jeep (section)

==Company history and ownership==
After the war, Willys did not resume production of its passenger-car models, choosing instead to concentrate on Jeeps and Jeep-branded vehicles, launching the [[Willys Jeep Station Wagon|Jeep Station Wagon]] in 1946, the [[Willys Jeep Truck|Jeep Truck]] in 1947, and the [[Willys-Overland Jeepster|Jeepster]] in 1948. An attempt to re-enter the passenger-car market in 1952 with the [[Willys Aero]] sedan proved unsuccessful, and ended with the company's acquisition by [[Kaiser Motors]] in 1953, for $60 million.<ref name=Cranswick2>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9j7MWLE_jMC&q=1972+cj-5+nose&pg=PA241 |pages=239–240 |title=Cars of American Motors: An Illustrated History |first=Marc |last=Cranswick |publisher=McFarland|year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7864-4672-8 |access-date=11 June 2012}}</ref> Kaiser initially called the merged company "Willys Motors", but renamed itself [[Kaiser Jeep|Kaiser-Jeep]] in 1963. By the end of 1955, Kaiser-Frazer had dropped the Willys Aero, as well as its own passenger cars to sell Jeeps exclusively.<ref name=CurbClassic>{{cite web|url=http://www.curbsideclassic.com/curbside-classics-american/curbside-classic-kaiser-jeep-cj-5-transcendent-independent/|title=Curbside Classic: Kaiser Jeep CJ-5 – Transcendent Independent|first=Robert|last=Kim|access-date=30 May 2019|archive-date=December 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231104855/http://www.curbsideclassic.com/curbside-classics-american/curbside-classic-kaiser-jeep-cj-5-transcendent-independent/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[American Motors|American Motors Corporation]] (AMC) in turn purchased Kaiser's money-losing Jeep operations in 1970. This time $70 million changed hands.<ref name=Cranswick2/> The utility vehicles complemented AMC's passenger car business by sharing components, achieving volume efficiencies, as well as capitalizing on Jeep's international and government markets. In 1971, AMC spun off Jeep's commercial, postal, and military vehicle lines into a separate subsidiary, AM General – the company that later developed the M998 Humvee. In 1976 Jeep introduced the CJ-7, replacing the CJ-6 in North America, as well as crossing 100,000 civilian units in annual global sales for the first time.<ref name=AutoWeekYears>{{cite web|url=https://autoweek.com/article/car-life/year-year-breakdown-jeeps-climb-top|title=Jeep's climb to the top: A year-by-year history|date=20 July 2016|work=Autoweek|access-date=30 May 2019|archive-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328134335/https://autoweek.com/article/car-life/year-year-breakdown-jeeps-climb-top|url-status=live}}</ref>

The French automaker [[Renault]] began investing in AMC in 1979. Renault began selling Jeeps through their European dealerships soon thereafter, beginning in Belgium and France, gradually supplanting a number of independent importers.<ref name=AC4459>{{cite magazine | magazine = [[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] | title = The French connection | editor-first = Ray | editor-last = Hutton | publisher=IPC Business Press |page=11 |date=1982-06-05 |volume=156 |number=4459 }}</ref> During this period Jeep introduced the XJ Cherokee, its first unibody SUV; and global sales topped 200,000 for the first time in 1985.<ref name=AutoWeekYears/> However, the replacement of the CJ Jeeps by the new Wrangler line in 1986 marked the start of a different era. By 1987, the automobile markets had changed and Renault itself was experiencing financial troubles, stemming from their heavy investment into AMC while simultaneously laying workers off in France; this led to the assassination of then-Renault CEO [[Georges Besse]] in 1986 by the French extremist group [[Action Directe]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Judith |last2=Times |first2=Special To the New York |date=1986-11-18 |title=HEAD OF RENAULT IS SHOT TO DEATH NEAR PARIS HOME |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/18/world/head-of-renault-is-shot-to-death-near-paris-home.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103022234/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/18/world/head-of-renault-is-shot-to-death-near-paris-home.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1986-11-17 |title=1986: French car chief shot dead |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/17/newsid_2540000/2540123.stm |access-date=2023-09-15 |archive-date=April 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408232102/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/17/newsid_2540000/2540123.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Renault's upper management quickly moved to sell off AMC.

[[Chrysler Corporation]] bought out AMC in 1987, shortly after the Jeep [[CJ-7]] had been replaced with the AMC-designed [[Jeep Wrangler#YJ (1986–1995)|Wrangler YJ]]; the acquisition was primarily for Jeep.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Holusha |first1=John |last2=Times |first2=Special To the New York |date=1987-03-10 |title=CHRYSLER IS BUYING AMERICAN MOTORS; COST IS $1.5 BILLION |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/10/business/chrysler-is-buying-american-motors-cost-is-1.5-billion.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815165532/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/10/business/chrysler-is-buying-american-motors-cost-is-1.5-billion.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Warren |date=1987-03-10 |title=CHRYSLER TO BUY AMERICAN MOTORS |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/03/10/chrysler-to-buy-american-motors/0a714bb0-48e1-42f1-8582-7a645634185e/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=L. A. Times |date=1987-03-09 |title=Chrysler to Pay $757 Million for Ailing American Motors: Renault OKs Sale of 46.1% Share |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-03-09-mn-8387-story.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=November 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103022234/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-03-09-mn-8387-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After more than 40 years, the four-wheel drive utility vehicles brand that had been a profitable niche for smaller automakers fell into the hands of one of the [[Big Three (automobile manufacturers)|Big Three]]; Jeep was the only AMC brand continued by Chrysler after the acquisition, partnered with the new [[Eagle (automobile)|Eagle]] marque (created for legal reasons involving Renault's sale of the AMC assets to Chrysler) as the [[Jeep-Eagle]] division.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Holusha |first1=John |last2=Times |first2=Special To the New York |date=1987-12-09 |title=Jeep Dealers Will Sell New Chrysler Eagle Car |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/09/business/jeep-dealers-will-sell-new-chrysler-eagle-car.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531111003/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/09/business/jeep-dealers-will-sell-new-chrysler-eagle-car.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Chrysler subsequently merged with [[Daimler-Benz]] in 1998 (by which point Eagle was discontinued) and folded into [[DaimlerChrysler]]. During this time, the Chrysler and Jeep sales channels were combined, primarily to complement Chrysler's luxury automobiles with Jeep's popular SUVs. DaimlerChrysler eventually sold most of its interest in Chrysler to a [[private equity]] company in 2007. Chrysler and the Jeep division operated under Chrysler Group LLC, until December 15, 2014, when Chrysler folded into [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles]], with the stateside subsidiary operating under 'FCA US LLC'.

Jeeps have been built under licence by various manufacturers around the world, including [[Mahindra & Mahindra Limited|Mahindra]] in [[India]], EBRO in Spain, and several in South America. [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] built more than 30 models in Japan between 1953 and 1998; Most were based on the CJ-3B model of the original Willys-Kaiser design.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.film.queensu.ca/cj3B/World/JapanPhotos.html |title=Mitsubishi Jeep Photos on The CJ3B Page |website=film.queensu.ca |date=2002-08-29 |access-date=2009-09-23 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091011092911/http://www.film.queensu.ca/CJ3b/World/JapanPhotos.html |archive-date=2009-10-11 }}</ref>

[[Toledo, Ohio]] has been the headquarters of the Jeep brand since its inception, and the city has always been proud of this heritage. Although no longer produced in the same [[Toledo Complex]] as the World War II originals, two streets in the vicinity of the old plant are named Willys Parkway and Jeep Parkway. The [[Jeep Wrangler]] is built in the city currently, not far from the site of the original Willys-Overland plant.

American Motors set up the first automobile-manufacturing joint venture in the People's Republic of China on January 15, 1984.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mann |first=Jim |title=Beijing Jeep: A Case Study of Western Business in China |publisher=Perseus |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-8133-3327-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/beijingjeepcases00mann }}</ref> The result was Beijing Jeep Corporation, Ltd., in partnership with Beijing Automobile Industry Corporation, to produce the [[Jeep Cherokee (XJ)]] in Beijing. Manufacture continued after Chrysler's buyout of AMC. This joint venture is now part of DaimlerChrysler and DaimlerChrysler China Invest Corporation. The original 1984 XJ model was updated and called the "Jeep 2500" toward the end of its production that ended after 2005.<ref>{{cite journal| url=http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/nov2007/gb2007112_737100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105074509/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/nov2007/gb2007112_737100.htm | archive-date=November 5, 2007 |last=Dunne|first=Timothy|title=Can Chrysler Rebound in China?|journal=Business Week|date=2007-11-02|access-date=2010-10-26}}</ref>

In October 2022, the joint venture between Stellantis and Chinese company [[Guangzhou Automobile Group]] filed for bankruptcy, although Stellantis said it intends to continue servicing Jeep brand customers in China.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Selina Cheng |author2=P.R. Venkat |title=Jeep Owner Stellantis's China Joint Venture to File for Bankruptcy |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeep-owner-stellantiss-china-joint-venture-to-file-for-bankruptcy-11667196867 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=31 October 2022 |access-date=November 1, 2022 |archive-date=November 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101220539/https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeep-owner-stellantiss-china-joint-venture-to-file-for-bankruptcy-11667196867 |url-status=live }}</ref>

While Jeeps have been built in India under license by Mahindra & Mahindra since the 1960s, Jeep has entered the Indian market directly in 2016, starting with the release of the Wrangler and Grand Cherokee in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Will Jeep storm India despite 'exorbitant' price tag? Fiat has fingers crossed |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/autos/will-jeep-storm-india-despite-exorbitant-price-tag-fiat-has-fingers-crossed/story-6rrc9OkeBqMa1VHsPuOWWO.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=9 April 2017 |language=en |date=2 September 2016 |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328134336/https://www.hindustantimes.com/autos/will-jeep-storm-india-despite-exorbitant-price-tag-fiat-has-fingers-crossed/story-6rrc9OkeBqMa1VHsPuOWWO.html }}</ref>

===Ownership chronology===
* 1944–1953: [[Willys]]-Overland
* 1953–1964: [[Kaiser Jeep]] (calling themselves "Willys Motors")
* 1964–1970: Kaiser Jeep
* 1970–1987: [[American Motors|AMC]] (w/ [[Renault]] controlling production in 1986)
* 1987–1998: [[Chrysler|Chrysler Corporation]]
* 1998–2007: [[Daimler AG|Daimler]][[Chrysler]] AG
* 2007–2009: Chrysler LLC
* 2009–2013: Chrysler Group LLC - [[Fiat|Fiat Group Automobiles]]
* 2014–2021: [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles]]
* 2021–present: [[Stellantis]]