Editing JavaScript (section)

== Other usage{{anchor|Server-side_JavaScript|Uses_outside_web_pages}} ==
The use of JavaScript has expanded beyond its [[web browser]] roots. [[JavaScript engine]]s are now embedded<!--don't link Embedded system here--> in a variety of other software systems, both for [[server-side]] website deployments and non-browser [[application software|applications]].

Initial attempts at promoting server-side JavaScript usage were [[Netscape Enterprise Server]] and [[Microsoft]]'s [[Internet Information Services]],<ref>{{cite web |date=December 11, 1998 |title=Server-Side JavaScript Guide |url=https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/816-6411-10/contents.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311173120/https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/816-6411-10/contents.htm |archive-date=March 11, 2021 |access-date=May 8, 2021 |website=oracle.com |publisher=[[Oracle Corporation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Clinick|first1=Andrew|title=Introducing JScript .NET|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms974588.aspx|website=Microsoft Developer Network|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=April 10, 2018|date=July 14, 2000|quote=[S]ince the 1996 introduction of JScript version 1.0 ... we've been seeing a steady increase in the usage of JScript on the server—particularly in Active Server Pages (ASP)|archive-date=November 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110201649/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms974588.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> but they were small niches.<ref name="2009server" /> Server-side usage eventually started to grow in the late 2000s, with the creation of [[Node.js]] and [[List of server-side JavaScript implementations|other approaches]].<ref name="2009server">{{cite web |url=https://readwrite.com/2009/12/17/server-side_javascript_back_with_a_vengeance/ |title=Server-Side JavaScript, Back with a Vengeance |date=December 17, 2009 |website=readwrite.com |access-date=July 16, 2016 |author=Mahemoff, Michael |archive-date=June 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617030219/https://readwrite.com/2009/12/17/server-side_javascript_back_with_a_vengeance/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Electron (software framework)|Electron]], [[Apache Cordova|Cordova]], [[React Native]], and other [[application framework]]s have been used to create many applications with behavior implemented in JavaScript. Other non-browser applications include [[Adobe Acrobat]] support for scripting [[PDF]] documents<ref>{{cite web |date=2009-08-07 |title=JavaScript for Acrobat |url=https://www.adobe.com/devnet/acrobat/javascript.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807065130/https://www.adobe.com/devnet/acrobat/javascript.html |archive-date=August 7, 2009 |access-date=August 18, 2009 |website=adobe.com}}</ref> and [[GNOME Shell]] extensions written in JavaScript.<ref>{{cite web |last=treitter |date=2013-02-02 |title=Answering the question: "How do I develop an app for GNOME?" |url=https://treitter.livejournal.com/14871.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211032900/https://treitter.livejournal.com/14871.html |archive-date=2013-02-11 |access-date=2013-02-07 |website=livejournal.com}}</ref>

[[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]] used to provide [[Nashorn (JavaScript engine)| Nashorn]], a JavaScript interpreter, as part of their [[JDK|Java Development Kit (JDK)]] API library along with '''jjs''' a command line interpreter as of JDK version 8.  It was removed in JDK 15. As a replacement Oracle offered GraalJS which can also be used with the [[OpenJDK]]  which allows one to create and reference Java objects in JavaScript code and add runtime scripting in JavaScript to applications written in Java.<ref> {{cite web |last=Ponge |first=Julien |date=2018-04-19 |title=Oracle Nashorn: A Next-Generation JavaScript Engine for the JVM |website=oracle.com |url=https://www.oracle.com/technical-resources/articles/java/jf14-nashorn.html |publisher=Oracle Corporation |access-date=Feb 17, 2025}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |title=Migration Guide from Nashorn to GraalJS |url=https://www.graalvm.org/latest/reference-manual/js/NashornMigrationGuide/ |website=graalvm.org | access-date=Feb 17, 2025}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |title=GraalJS |url=https://www.graalvm.org/latest/reference-manual/js/ |website=|publisher=GraalVM |access-date=Feb 17, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |title=Java Interoperability | url=https://docs.oracle.com/en/graalvm/enterprise/21/docs/reference-manual/js/JavaInteroperability/|website=oracle.com|publisher=Oracle |access-date=Feb 17, 2025}}</ref> 

JavaScript has been used in some [[embedded system]]s, usually by leveraging Node.js.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tessel 2... Leverage all the libraries of Node.JS to create useful devices in minutes with Tessel. |url=https://tessel.io/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526212559/https://tessel.io/ |archive-date=2021-05-26 |access-date=2021-05-08 |website=tessel.io}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Node.js Raspberry Pi GPIO Introduction |url=https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_raspberrypi_gpio_intro.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813192938/https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_raspberrypi_gpio_intro.asp |archive-date=2021-08-13 |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=w3schools.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Espruino&nbsp;– JavaScript for Microcontrollers |url=https://www.espruino.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501010722/https://www.espruino.com/ |archive-date=2020-05-01 |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=espruino.com}}</ref>