Editing Jane Goodall (section)

=== Feeding stations ===
{{Update|part=section|date=November 2024|reason=The follow-up studies mentioned here are from the early 2000s and do not reflect the current scientific consensus}}
Many standard methods aim to avoid interference by observers, and in particular some believe that the use of feeding stations to attract Gombe chimpanzees has altered normal foraging and feeding patterns and [[social relation]]ships. This argument is the focus of a book published by Margaret Power in 1991.<ref name="power">Power, Margaret (1991). The Egalitarians – Human and Chimpanzee An Anthropological: View of Social Organization. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-40016-3}}.{{page needed|date=March 2017}}</ref> It has been suggested that higher levels of aggression and conflict with other chimpanzee groups in the area were due to the feeding, which could have created the "wars" between chimpanzee social groups described by Goodall, aspects of which she did not witness in the years before artificial feeding began at Gombe. Thus, some regard Goodall's observations as distortions of normal chimpanzee behaviour.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature03999 |pmid=16136128 |title=A century of getting to know the chimpanzee |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue=7055 |pages=56–59 |year=2005 |last1=De Waal |first1=Frans B. M. |bibcode=2005Natur.437...56D |s2cid=4363065 |quote=skeptics attributed chimpanzee 'warfare' to competition over the food that researchers provided}}</ref>

Goodall herself acknowledged that feeding contributed to aggression within and between groups, but maintained that the effect was limited to alteration of the intensity and not the nature of chimpanzee conflict, and further suggested that feeding was necessary for the study to be effective at all. [[Craig Stanford]] of the Jane Goodall Research Institute at the [[University of Southern California]] states that researchers conducting studies with no artificial provisioning have a difficult time viewing any social behaviour of chimpanzees, especially those related to inter-group conflict.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stanford |first=Craig |title=The Egalitarians – Human and Chimpanzee |publisher=International Journal of Primatology |date=Winter 1993}}</ref>

Some studies, such as those by [[Crickette Sanz]] in the [[Goualougo Triangle]] ([[Republic of the Congo|Congo]]) and Christophe Boesch in the [[Taï National Park]] ([[Ivory Coast]]), have not shown the aggression observed in the Gombe studies.<ref>Washington University Record, Vol 28 No 28, April 2004.</ref> However, other primatologists disagree that the studies are flawed; for example, Jim Moore provides a critique of Margaret Powers' assertions<ref>JIM MOORE, Anthropology Department, University of California, San Diego [https://web.archive.org/web/20071014215932/http://cogprints.org/738/0/Power.html The Egalitarians – Human and Chimpanzee (book review).<!-- Bot generated title, dead link -->]. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 88: 259–262.</ref> and some studies of other chimpanzee groups have shown aggression similar to that in Gombe even in the absence of feeding.<ref>American Journal of Primatology 58:175–180 (2002), Noboyuki Kutsukake and Takahisa Matsusaka.</ref>