Editing Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (section)

== Assassination and funeral of John F. Kennedy ==
{{main|Assassination of John F. Kennedy|State funeral of John F. Kennedy|John F. Kennedy autopsy}}
[[File:John F. Kennedy motorcade, Dallas crop.png|thumb|right|The President and First Lady in the rear seat of the [[Presidential state car (United States)|presidential state car]] minutes before the assassination]]
On November 21, 1963, the First Lady and the President embarked on a political trip to Texas with several goals in mind. This was the first time that she had joined her husband on such a trip in the U.S.<ref>Leaming (2014), p. 123.</ref> After a breakfast on November 22, they took a very short flight on [[VC-137C SAM 26000|Air Force One]] from Fort Worth's [[Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth|Carswell Air Force Base]] to Dallas's [[Dallas Love Field|Love Field]], accompanied by Texas Governor [[John Connally]] and his wife [[Nellie Connally|Nellie]].<ref name="Bugliosi">Bugliosi, pp. 30, 34.</ref> The First Lady was wearing a [[Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy|bright pink Chanel suit]] and a [[pillbox hat]],<ref name="Craughwell-Varda1999" /><ref name="FordMitchell2004">{{cite book|url={{Google books|Jmz__lna90kC|page=PA149|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|title=The Makeover in Movies: Before and After in Hollywood Films, 1941–2002|last1=Ford|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Mitchell|first2=Deborah C.|date=March 2004|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-1721-6|page=149|access-date=May 1, 2011}}</ref> which had been personally selected by President Kennedy.<ref>Alam, p. 36.</ref> A {{convert|9.5|mi|km|adj=on}} [[motorcade]] was to take them to the [[Dallas Market Center|Trade Mart]], where the president was scheduled to speak at a lunch. The First Lady was seated to her husband's left in the third row of seats in the [[Presidential state car (United States)|presidential car]], with the Governor and his wife seated in front of them. Vice President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] and his wife followed in another car in the motorcade.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

After the motorcade turned the corner onto Elm Street in [[Dealey Plaza]], the First Lady heard what she thought to be a motorcycle [[Back-fire|backfiring]]. She did not realize that it was a gunshot until she heard Governor Connally scream. Within 8.4 seconds, two more shots had rung out, and one of the shots struck her husband in the head. Almost immediately, she began to climb onto the back of the limousine; [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] agent [[Clint Hill (Secret Service)|Clint Hill]] later told the [[Warren Commission]] that he thought she had been reaching across the trunk for something coming off the right rear bumper of the car.<ref name="cjhill">{{cite web|title=Testimony of Clinton J. Hill, Special Agent, Secret Service|url=http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh2/html/WC_Vol2_0070b.htm|work=Warren Commission Hearings|volume=II|publisher=Assassination Archives and Research Center|access-date=November 26, 2012|pages=132–144|archive-date=October 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015094300/http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh2/html/WC_Vol2_0070b.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Hill ran to the car and leapt onto it, directing her back to her seat. As Hill stood on the back bumper, [[Associated Press]] photographer [[Ike Altgens]] snapped a photograph that was featured on the front pages of newspapers around the world.<ref name=PotP>Trask, p. 318.</ref> She would later testify that she saw pictures "of me climbing out the back. But I don't remember that at all".<ref>{{cite web |title=Warren Commission Hearings |volume=V (Testimony of Mrs. John F. Kennedy) |year=1964 |page=180 |url=http://www.maryferrell.org/mffweb/archive/viewer/showDoc.do?docId=40&relPageId=190 |publisher=Mary Ferrell Foundation |access-date=January 3, 2015 |archive-date=September 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909082402/https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=40&relPageId=190 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Lyndon B. Johnson taking the oath of office, November 1963.jpg|thumb|Kennedy, still wearing her blood-stained [[Kennedy pink Chanel suit|pink Chanel suit]], stands alongside [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] as he takes the presidential oath of office administered by [[Sarah T. Hughes|Sarah Hughes]] aboard [[Air Force One]].]]

The President was rushed for the {{convert|3.8|mi|km|adj=on}} trip to [[Parkland Hospital]]. At the First Lady's request, she was allowed to be present in the operating room.<ref name="Manchester">{{cite book|author = Manchester, William |title=Death of a President|url = https://archive.org/details/deathofpresident00manc |url-access = registration |year=1967|location= New York City|publisher= [[Harper & Row]] | isbn = 978-0-88365-956-4 |author-link= William Manchester}}</ref>{{page needed|date=November 2015}} President Kennedy never regained consciousness.
He died not long after, aged 46. After her husband was pronounced dead, Kennedy refused to remove her blood-stained clothing and reportedly regretted having washed the blood off her face and hands, explaining to Lady Bird Johnson that she wanted "them to see what they have done to Jack".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pbs.org/ladybird/epicenter/epicenter_doc_diary.html | title=Selections from Lady Bird's Diary on the assassination: November 22, 1963 | work=Lady Bird Johnson: Portrait of a First Lady | publisher=[[PBS]] | access-date=March 1, 2008 | archive-date=January 3, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103054729/http://www.pbs.org/ladybird/epicenter/epicenter_doc_diary.html | url-status=live }}</ref> She continued to wear the blood-stained pink suit as she boarded Air Force One and stood next to Johnson when he took the oath of office as president. The unlaundered suit became a symbol of her husband's assassination, and was donated to the [[National Archives and Records Administration]] in 1964. Under the terms of an agreement with her daughter, Caroline, the suit will not be placed on public display before 2103.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kettler |first1=Sara |title=Why Jacqueline Kennedy Didn't Take Off Her Pink Suit After JFK Was Assassinated |url=https://www.biography.com/news/jacqueline-kennedy-pink-suit-jfk-assassination |work=Biography |date=April 12, 2019 |archive-date=July 20, 2021 |access-date=July 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720023757/https://www.biography.com/news/jacqueline-kennedy-pink-suit-jfk-assassination |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Smart Pink Suit, Preserved in Memory">{{cite news|last1=Horyn|first1=Cathy|title=Jacqueline Kennedy's Smart Pink Suit, Preserved in Memory and Kept Out of View|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/15/fashion/jacqueline-kennedys-smart-pink-suit-preserved-in-memory-and-kept-out-of-view.html|url-access=limited|access-date=December 26, 2014|work=The New York Times|date=November 14, 2013|archive-date=December 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212034744/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/15/fashion/jacqueline-kennedys-smart-pink-suit-preserved-in-memory-and-kept-out-of-view.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Johnson's biographer Robert Caro wrote that Johnson wanted Jacqueline Kennedy to be present at his swearing-in in order to demonstrate the legitimacy of his presidency to JFK loyalists and to the world at large.<ref name="caro">Caro, p. 329.</ref>

[[File:JFK's family leaves Capitol after his funeral, 1963.jpg|thumb|left|Family members depart the [[U.S. Capitol]] after a lying-in-state service for the President, November 24, 1963.]]

Kennedy took an active role in planning [[State funeral of John F. Kennedy|her husband's state funeral]], modeling it after [[Funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]]'s service.<ref name=Campbell/> She requested a closed casket, overruling the wishes of her brother-in-law, Robert.<ref>Hilty, p. 484.</ref> The funeral service was held at the [[Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle (Washington, D.C.)|Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle]] in Washington D.C., with the burial taking place at nearby [[Arlington National Cemetery]]. Kennedy led the procession on foot and lit the eternal flame—created at her request—at the gravesite. [[Lady Jeanne Campbell]] reported back to the London ''[[Evening Standard]]'': "Jacqueline Kennedy has given the American people ... one thing they have always lacked: Majesty."<ref name=Campbell>{{cite news|title=Magic Majesty of Mrs. Kennedy|date=November 25, 1963|author = Campbell, Lady Jeanne|newspaper=[[London Evening Standard]]|location=London|page=1|author-link= Jeanne Campbell}}</ref>

A week after the assassination,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=26032 |title=Lyndon B. Johnson: "Executive Order 11130 – Appointing a Commission To Report Upon the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy," November 29, 1963 |author1=Peters, Gerhard |author2=Woolley, John T |work=The American Presidency Project |publisher=University of California – Santa Barbara |access-date=December 5, 2015 |archive-date=December 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171054/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=26032 |url-status=dead }}</ref> new president Lyndon B. Johnson issued an [[executive order]] that established the [[Warren Commission]]—led by [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] [[Earl Warren]]—to investigate the assassination. Ten months later, the Commission issued its report finding that [[Lee Harvey Oswald]] had acted alone when he assassinated President Kennedy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/09/29/archives/in-the-nation-the-unsolved-mysteries-of-motive.html|title=In The Nation; The Unsolved Mysteries of Motive|work=The New York Times|date=September 29, 1964|access-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=August 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819042705/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/09/29/archives/in-the-nation-the-unsolved-mysteries-of-motive.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Privately, his widow cared little about the investigation, stating that even if they had the right suspect, it would not bring her husband back.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/society/2014/10/jacqueline-kennedy-jfk-assassination-depression|title=The Winter of Her Despair|magazine=Vanity Fair|first=Barbara|last=Leaming|date=September 30, 2014}}</ref> Nevertheless, she gave a deposition to the Warren Commission.{{efn|There were some mixed feelings about whether she should testify, [[Earl Warren]] in particular indicating an unwillingness to interview her while [[John J. McCloy]] outright opposed such an inquiry. Future president [[Gerald Ford]], who served on the Warren Commission, proposed "most informally" having her interviewed by an associate.<ref name="White"/> With the varying opinions of what to do lingering, Warren held a short meeting with Kennedy at her apartment.<ref name=White>White (1987), p. 203.</ref><ref>Leaming (2014), p. 171.</ref>}} Following the assassination and the media coverage that had focused intensely on her during and after the burial, Kennedy stepped back from official public view, apart from a brief appearance in Washington to honor the Secret Service agent, [[Clint Hill (Secret Service)|Clint Hill]], who had climbed aboard the limousine in Dallas to try to shield her and the President.
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