Editing Jack London (section)

== Death ==
[[File:Jacklondongrave.jpg|thumb|left|Grave of Jack and Charmian London]]

London died November 22, 1916, in a [[sleeping porch]] in a cottage on his ranch. London had been a robust man but had suffered several serious illnesses, including [[scurvy]] in the Klondike.<ref>{{cite news |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0112.html |title=On This Day: November 23, 1916: Obituary – Jack London Dies Suddenly On Ranch |access-date=January 6, 2014}}</ref> Additionally, during travels on the ''Snark'', he and Charmian picked up unspecified tropical infections and diseases, including [[yaws]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Jack London |title=The Cruise of the Snark |url=https://archive.org/details/cruisesnark01londgoog |year=1911 |publisher=Macmillan}}</ref> At the time of his death, he suffered from [[dysentery]], late-stage alcoholism, and [[uremia]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://contentdm.marinlibrary.org/digital/collection/npmct/id/7321 |title=Marin County Tocsin |website=contentdm.marinlibrary.org |access-date=July 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726181750/https://contentdm.marinlibrary.org/digital/collection/npmct/id/7321 |archive-date=July 26, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> he was in extreme pain and taking [[morphine]] and [[opium]], both common [[over-the-counter drug]]s at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McConahey |first=Meg |date=July 22, 2022 |title=Was Jack London a drug addict? New technology examines old mysteries |url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/lifestyle/new-technology-examines-old-jack-london-mysteries/ |access-date=August 7, 2022 |website=Santa Rosa Press Democrat |language=en-US}}</ref>

London's ashes were buried on his property not far from the Wolf House. London's funeral took place on November 26, 1916, attended only by close friends, relatives, and workers of the property. In accordance with his wishes, he was cremated and buried next to some pioneer children, under a rock that belonged to the Wolf House. After Charmian's death in 1955, she was also cremated and then buried with her husband in the same spot that her husband chose. The grave is marked by a mossy boulder. The buildings and property were later preserved as [[Jack London State Historic Park]], in [[Glen Ellen, California|Glen Ellen]], California.
[[File:Jack London Drawing.jpg|thumb|Cartoon of Jack London by [[James Montgomery Flagg]]. From ''The Book of Jack London'' by [[Charmian London]]]]

===Suicide debate===
Because he was using morphine, many older sources describe London's death as a suicide, and some still do.<ref>''Columbia Encyclopedia'' [http://www.bartleby.com/65/lo/London-J.html "Jack London"], "Beset in his later years by alcoholism and financial difficulties, London committed suicide at the age of 40."</ref> This conjecture appears to be a rumor, or speculation based on incidents in his fiction writings. His death certificate{{sfn|The Jack London Online Collection: Jack London's death certificate}} gives the cause as [[uremia]], following acute [[renal colic]].

The biographer Clarice Stasz writes, "Following London's death, for a number of reasons, a biographical myth developed in which he has been portrayed as an alcoholic womanizer who committed suicide. Recent scholarship based upon firsthand documents challenges this caricature."{{sfn|The Jack London Online Collection: Biography}} Most biographers, including Russ Kingman, now agree he died of uremia aggravated by an accidental morphine overdose.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080914134621/http://www.jacklondons.net/nosuicide.html "Did Jack London Commit Suicide?"<!-- bot-generated title -->]}}, The World of Jack London</ref>

London's fiction features several suicides.  In his autobiographical memoir ''[[John Barleycorn (novel)|John Barleycorn]]'', he claims, as a youth, to have drunkenly stumbled overboard into the [[San Francisco Bay]], "some maundering fancy of going out with the tide suddenly obsessed me."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nelson |first=Kevin |date=April 1, 2021 |orig-date=April 1, 2021 |title=Hidden Benicia: How Benicia Saved Jack London's Life |url=https://www.beniciamagazine.com/hidden-benicia-how-benicia-saved-jack-londons-life/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226183714/https://www.beniciamagazine.com/hidden-benicia-how-benicia-saved-jack-londons-life/ |archive-date=February 26, 2024 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Benicia Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> He said he drifted and nearly succeeded in drowning before sobering up and being rescued by fishermen. In the dénouement of ''[[The Little Lady of the Big House]]'', the heroine, confronted by the pain of a mortal gunshot wound, undergoes a physician-assisted suicide by morphine. Also, in ''[[Martin Eden]]'', the principal protagonist, who shares certain characteristics with London,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Martin Eden by Jack London {{!}} Goodreads |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/929782.Martin_Eden |website=Goodreads: Martin Eden}}</ref> drowns himself.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=June 5, 2019 |title=Jack London: Martin Eden - by Franklin Walker |url=https://scrapsfromtheloft.com/books/jack-london-martin-eden-franklin-walker/ |access-date=July 22, 2022 |website=Scraps from the loft |language=en-GB}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}