Editing Irish diaspora (section)

===Caribbean===
From the 1620s, many of the Irish Roman Catholic merchant class in this period migrated voluntarily to the West Indies to avail of the business opportunities there occasioned by the trade in sugar, tobacco and cotton. They were followed by landless Irish indentured labourers, who were recruited to serve a landowner for a specified time before receiving freedom and land. The descendants of some Irish immigrants are known today in the West Indies as [[redlegs]]. Most descendants of these Irishmen moved off the islands as [[African slavery]] was implemented and blacks began to replace whites. Many Barbadian-born Irishmen helped establish the [[Province of Carolina|Carolina colony]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barbados.org/usa_bdos.htm|title=USA – Barbados Ties|first=Barbados.org Travel|last=Guide|website=Barbados.org|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-date=24 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124000040/https://barbados.org/usa_bdos.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/r/robertson-vesey.html "The Buried History of America's Largest Slave Rebellion and the Man Who Led It"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406110842/http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/r/robertson-vesey.html |date=6 April 2017 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref>

After [[the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland]] Irish prisoners were forcibly transferred to English colonies in the Americas and sold into [[Irish indentured servants|indentured servitude]], a practice that came to be known as being ''Barbadosed'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/barbados_01.shtml |title=''Slavery and Economy in Barbados'', by Dr Karl Watson. BBC |access-date=21 December 2019 |archive-date=12 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212022845/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/barbados_01.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://glc.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Barbados.pdf ''Barbadosed: Africans and Irish in Barbados''. Tangled Roots. The Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition. Yale University]{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> though Barbados was not the only colony to receive Irish prisoners, with those sent to [[Montserrat]] being the best known.<ref name=Connection>{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/Ma-Ni/Montserrat.html|title=Culture of Montserrat – history, people, clothing, beliefs, food, customs, family, social, marriage|website=Everyculture.com|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919055641/https://www.everyculture.com/Ma-Ni/Montserrat.html|url-status=live}}</ref> To this day, Montserrat is the only country or territory in the world, apart from the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and the Canadian province of [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]] to observe a public holiday on [[St Patrick's Day]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.travelvideo.tv/news/caribbean/09-28-2009/montserrat-hosts-first-ever-volcano-half-marathon|title=Montserrat Hosts First Ever Volcano Half Marathon|date=28 September 2009|publisher=Travel Video News|access-date=2 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004121527/http://www.travelvideo.tv/news/caribbean/09-28-2009/montserrat-hosts-first-ever-volcano-half-marathon|archive-date=4 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The population is predominantly of mixed Irish and African descent.<ref name="trisranch.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.trisranch.com/id82.html|title=Trisranch|website=Trisranch.com|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531001048/https://www.trisranch.com/id82.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~dgarvey/Garvey_us_census/Montserrat.html|title=RootsWeb.com Home Page|website=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709220425/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~dgarvey/Garvey_us_census/Montserrat.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Puerto Rico====
{{Main|Irish immigration to Puerto Rico}}
Irish immigrants played an instrumental role in Puerto Rico's economy. One of the most important industries of the island was the sugar industry. Among the successful businessmen in this industry were Miguel Conway, who owned a plantation in the town of [[Hatillo, Puerto Rico|Hatillo]] and Juan Nagle whose plantation was located in [[Río Piedras]]. General [[Alexander O'Reilly]], "Father of the Puerto Rican Militia", named Tomas O'Daly chief engineer of modernising the defences of San Juan, this included the fortress of [[Fort San Cristóbal (Puerto Rico)|San Cristóbal]].<ref name = "Irish"/> Tomas O'Daly and Miguel Kirwan were partners in the "Hacienda San Patricio", which they named after the [[patron saint]] of Ireland, [[Saint Patrick]]. A relative of O'Daly, [[Demetrio O'Daly]], succeeded Captain [[Ramon Power y Giralt]] as the island's delegate to the Spanish Courts. The plantation no longer exists; however, the land in which the plantation was located is now a San Patricio suburb with a shopping mall by the same name. The Quinlan family established two plantations, one in the town of [[Toa Baja, Puerto Rico|Toa Baja]] and the other in [[Loíza, Puerto Rico|Loíza]].<ref>[http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/reme.htm Remembering the Past] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304084419/http://www.rootsweb.com/~prsanjua/reme.htm |date= 4 March 2007 }}</ref> Puerto Ricans of Irish descent were also instrumental in the development of the island's tobacco industry. Among them Miguel Conboy who was a founder of the tobacco trade in Puerto Rico.<ref name="Irish">{{cite web|url=https://www.angelfire.com/wi/shamrockclubwisc/Reflections/page102.html|title=Emerald Reflections Online|website=Angelfire.com|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919055626/https://www.angelfire.com/wi/shamrockclubwisc/Reflections/page102.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Other notable places in the Caribbean include:
* [[Antigua and Barbuda]] 
* [[Irish immigration to Barbados|Barbados]]
* [[Irish people in Jamaica|Jamaica]]
* [[Irish immigration to Saint Kitts and Nevis|Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
* [[Saint Lucia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irlandeses.org/0711novillo1.htm|title=Novillo-Corvalan, Patricia, "Literary Migrations: Homer's Journey through Joyce's Ireland and Walcott's Saint Lucia"|website=Irlandeses.org|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919055618/http://www.irlandeses.org/0711novillo1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Trinidad and Tobago]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/news/When_the_Irish_came-115452139.html|title=When the Irish came|date=6 February 2011|website=Trindadexpress.com|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112042752/http://www.trinidadexpress.com/news/When_the_Irish_came-115452139.html|archive-date=12 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>