Editing Interstitial cystitis (section)

===Medications===
[[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] and paracetamol and gastric protection combined with other conservative measures can be an effect first-line treatment.<ref name=pmid29777618/>

As a second-line treatment, [[amitriptyline]] has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain and nocturia<ref name=pmid23276554/> in many people with IC/BPS with a median dose of 75&nbsp;mg daily.<ref name=pmid19808225/> Oral [[pentosan polysulfate]]  is believed to repair the protective glycosaminoglycan coating of the bladder, but studies have encountered mixed results when attempting to determine if the effect is statistically significant compared to placebo.<ref name=pmid23276554/><ref name="pmid18582395">{{cite journal |last1=Dimitrakov |first1=J |last2=Kroenke |first2=K |last3=Steers |first3=WD |last4=Berde |first4=C |last5=Zurakowski |first5=D |last6=Freeman |first6=MR |title=Pharmacological Management of Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: A Systematic Review |journal=Archives of Internal Medicine |volume=167 |issue=18 |pages=1922–1929 |year=2007 |pmid=17923590 |doi=10.1001/archinte.167.18.1922 |pmc=2135553}}</ref><ref name=pmid16706553/> The [[antihistamine]] [[hydroxyzine]] failed to demonstrate superiority over placebo in treatment of people with IC in a randomized, controlled, clinical trial.<ref name=pmid23276554/> However, when hydroxyzine is used in combination with pentosan polysulfate sodium it may be more effective than pentosan polysulfate sodium on its own, but large-scale studies are needed.<ref name=pmid29777618/>

As a last-line treatment the [[calcineurin inhibitor]] [[cyclosporine A]] has been studied as a treatment for interstitial cystitis due to its immunosuppressive properties.<ref name=pmid29777618/> A prospective randomized study found cyclosporine A to be more effective at treating IC symptoms than pentosan polysulfate, but also had more adverse effects.<ref name=pmid23276554/>

In one study, the antidepressant [[duloxetine]] was found to be ineffective as a treatment,<ref name="Papandreou-2009">{{cite journal |last1=Papandreou |first1=Christos |last2=Skapinakis |first2=Petros |last3=Giannakis |first3=Dimitrios |last4=Sofikitis |first4=Nikolaos |last5=Mavreas |first5=Venetsanos |title=Antidepressant Drugs for Chronic Urological Pelvic Pain: an Evidence-Based Review |journal=Advances in Urology |volume=2009 |pages=1–9 |year=2009 |doi=10.1155/2009/797031|pmid=20169141 |pmc=2821755|doi-access=free }}</ref> although a patent exists for use of duloxetine in the context of IC, and is known to relieve neuropathic pain.