Editing International Space Station (section)

=== Pressurised modules ===
==== ''Zarya'' ====
{{Main|Zarya (ISS module)}}
[[File:Zarya from STS-88.jpg|thumb|''Zarya'' as seen by {{OV|105}} during [[STS-88]]]]

''Zarya'' ({{Langx|ru|Заря|lit=Sunrise}}{{efn|"Zarya" has several meanings: "daybreak" or "dawn" (in the morning) or "afterglow", "evening glow" or "sunset" (in the evening), but NASA and Roscosmos translate it as "sunrise."<ref>{{Cite web |last=bryan |date=25 January 2016 |title=Image showing Zarya mockup at the NASA Johnson Space Center with the translation Sunrise |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center_Johnson_Space_Center_JSC_NASA_Houston_Space_City_United_States_America_The_States_USA_US_(24560757054).jpg |access-date=20 November 2024 |website=Wikimedia Commons}}</ref>}}), also known as the ''Functional Cargo Block'' ({{Langx|ru|Функционально-грузовой блок|links=no}}), was the inaugural component of the ISS. Launched in 1998, it initially served as the ISS's power source, storage, propulsion, and guidance system. As the station has grown, ''Zarya'''s role has transitioned primarily to storage, both internally and in its external fuel tanks.<ref name="NASA2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/zarya-module/|title=Zarya Module|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=19 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118134120/https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/zarya-module/|archive-date=18 November 2023}}</ref>

A descendant of the [[TKS (spacecraft)|TKS spacecraft]] used in the [[Salyut programme|''Salyut'' programme]], ''Zarya'' was built in Russia but is owned by the United States. Its name symbolizes the beginning of a new era of international space cooperation.<ref name="russianspaceweb-enterprise">{{Cite web|url=https://www.russianspaceweb.com/iss_enterprise.html|title=Russian Segment: Enterprise|last=Zak|first=Anatoly|date=15 October 2008|access-date=4 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811163146/https://www.russianspaceweb.com/iss_enterprise.html|archive-date=11 August 2023|website=RussianSpaceWeb}}</ref>

==== ''Unity'' ====
{{Main|Unity (ISS module)}}
[[File:ISS Unity module.jpg|thumb|''Unity'' as seen by {{OV|105}} during [[STS-88]]]]

''Unity'', also known as ''Node 1'', is the inaugural U.S.-built component of the ISS.<ref name="nssdca-1998-069f">{{Cite web|title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-069F|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423215409/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-069F|archive-date=23 April 2023|access-date=6 May 2022|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|publisher=[[NASA]]|id=1998-069F}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Loff|first=Sarah|date=15 November 2018|title=Unity|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/unity|access-date=6 May 2022|website=NASA|archive-date=5 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605221424/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/unity/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Serving as the connection between the Russian and U.S. segments, this cylindrical module features six [[Common Berthing Mechanism]] locations ([[Forward (aircraft)|forward]], [[aft]], [[Port (nautical)|port]], [[starboard]], [[zenith]], and [[nadir]]) for attaching additional modules. Measuring {{convert|4.57|m}} in diameter and {{convert|5.47|m}} in length, ''Unity'' was constructed of steel by [[Boeing]] for NASA at the [[Marshall Space Flight Center]] in [[Huntsville, Alabama]]. It was the first of three connecting nodes – ''Unity'', ''Harmony'', and ''Tranquility'' – that forms the structural backbone of the U.S. segment of the ISS.<ref name="nasa-roy-20091020">{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/sailing_with_nasa/2009/10/20/post_1256076937193/|title=ET-134's Mission,STS-130: Launching Tranquility|last=Roy|first=Steve|date=20 October 2009|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=23 November 2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322123432/https://blogs.nasa.gov/sailing_with_nasa/2009/10/20/post_1256076937193/|archive-date=22 March 2023}}</ref>

==== ''Zvezda'' ====
{{Main|Zvezda (ISS module)}}
[[File:Zvezda (tight crop).jpg|thumb|''Zvezda'' as seen by {{OV|104}} during [[STS-106]]]]

''Zvezda'' ({{Langx|ru|Звезда|lit=star|links=no}}) launched in July 2000, is the core of the [[Russian Orbital Segment]] of the ISS. Initially providing essential living quarters and [[life support system]]s, it enabled the first continuous human presence aboard the station. While additional modules have expanded the ISS's capabilities, Zvezda remains the command and control center for the Russian segment and it is where crews gather during emergencies.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doN4t5NKW-k|title=Departing Space Station Commander Provides Tour of Orbital Laboratory|date=3 July 2015|last=Williams|first=Suni (presenter)|publisher=NASA|time=17.46–18.26|access-date=1 September 2019|medium=video|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814155134/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doN4t5NKW-k|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Roylance|first=Frank D.|date=11 November 2000|title=Space station astronauts take shelter from solar radiation|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2000-11-11-0011110386-story.html|access-date=1 September 2019|website=The Baltimore Sun|publisher=Tribune Publishing|archive-date=1 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901060300/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2000-11-11-0011110386-story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Stofer|first=Kathryn|date=29 October 2013|title=Tuesday/Wednesday Solar Punch|url=https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/10.28Flare.html|access-date=1 September 2019|website=NASA|archive-date=2 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202225119/https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/10.28Flare.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A descendant of the Salyut programme's DOS spacecraft, Zvezda was built by [[RKK Energia]] and launched atop a [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton rocket]].<ref name="ruspace">{{cite web|title=Service Module {{!}} RuSpace|url=http://suzymchale.com/ruspace/sm.html|access-date=10 November 2020|website=suzymchale.com|archive-date=21 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921234759/http://suzymchale.com/ruspace/sm.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== ''Destiny'' ====
{{Main|Destiny (ISS module)}}
[[File:ISS Destiny Lab.jpg|thumb|The ''Destiny'' module being installed on the ISS]]

The ''Destiny'' laboratory is the primary research facility for U.S. experiments on the ISS. NASA's first permanent orbital research station since Skylab, the module was built by Boeing and launched aboard {{OV|104}} during [[STS-98]]. Attached to ''Unity'' over a period of five days in February 2001, ''Destiny'' has been a hub for scientific research ever since.<ref name="boeing">{{Cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/spacestation/components/us_laboratory.html|title=Destiny Laboratory Module|last=Boeing|year=2008|publisher=[[Boeing]]|access-date=7 October 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011150013/http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/spacestation/components/us_laboratory.html|archive-date=11 October 2008}}</ref><ref name="lab">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/destiny.html|title=U.S. Destiny Laboratory|year=2003|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=7 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709153924/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/destiny.html|archive-date=9 July 2007}}</ref><ref name="sts-98">{{cite web|year=2001|title=STS-98|url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-98/mission-sts-98.html|access-date=7 October 2008|publisher=NASA|archive-date=30 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830041616/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-98/mission-sts-98.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Within ''Destiny'', astronauts conduct experiments in fields such as medicine, engineering, biotechnology, physics, materials science, and Earth science. Researchers worldwide benefit from these studies. The module also houses life support systems, including the [[Oxygen Generating System]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2007/07/oxygen-generating-system-activated-onboard-iss/|title=Oxygen Generating System activated onboard ISS|access-date=25 January 2010|author=Chris Bergin|publisher=NASASpaceflight.com|date=12 July 2007}}</ref>

==== ''Quest Joint Airlock'' ====
{{Main|Quest Joint Airlock}}
[[File:Quest airlock exterior - STS-127.jpg|thumb|''Quest'' Joint Airlock Module]]

The ''Quest Joint Airlock'' enables [[Extravehicular activity|extravehicular activities]] (EVAs) using either the U.S. [[Extravehicular Mobility Unit]] (EMU) or the Russian [[Orlan space suit]].<ref name="nasa-questairlock">{{cite web|title=Quest Airlock|url=https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/quest-airlock/|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=24 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024152123/https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/quest-airlock/|archive-date=24 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

Before its installation, conducting EVAs from the ISS was challenging due to a variety of system and design differences. Only the Orlan suit could be used from the Transfer Chamber on the ''Zvezda'' module (which was not a purpose-built airlock) and the EMU could only be used from the airlock on a visiting Space Shuttle, which could not accommodate the Orlan.<ref name="usaf-2010">{{cite tech report|last1=Stockman|first1=Bill|last2=Boyle|first2=Joe|last3=Bacon|first3=John|title=International Space Station Systems Engineering Case Study|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA538763.pdf|publisher=[[United States Air Force]]|access-date=24 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124095002/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA538763.pdf|archive-date=24 November 2023|pages=36–38|year=2010|url-status=live}}</ref>

Launched aboard {{OV|104}} during [[STS-104]] in July 2001 and attached to the Unity module, Quest is a {{convert|20|ft|m|adj=mid|order=flip|-long}}, {{convert|13|ft|m|adj=mid|order=flip|-wide}} structure built by Boeing.<ref name="nasa-20210714">{{cite web|last1=Uri|first1=John|title=Space Station 20th: STS-104 Brings Quest Joint Airlock to the Space Station|url=https://www.nasa.gov/history/space-station-20th-sts-104-brings-quest-joint-airlock-to-the-space-station/|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=24 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124093812/https://www.nasa.gov/history/space-station-20th-sts-104-brings-quest-joint-airlock-to-the-space-station/|archive-date=24 November 2023|date=14 July 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> It houses the crew airlock for astronaut egress, an equipment airlock for suit storage, and has facilities to accommodate astronauts during their overnight pre-breathe procedures to prevent decompression sickness.<ref name="usaf-2010" />

The crew airlock, derived from the Space Shuttle, features essential equipment like lighting, handrails, and an Umbilical Interface Assembly (UIA) that provides life support and communication systems for up to two spacesuits simultaneously. These can be either two EMUs, two Orlan suits, or one of each design.

==== ''Poisk'' ====
{{Main|Poisk (ISS module)}}

''Poisk'' ({{Langx|ru|По́иск|lit=Search|links=no}}), also known as the ''Mini-Research Module 2'' ({{Langx|ru|Малый исследовательский модуль 2|links=no}}), serves as both a secondary airlock on the Russian segment of the ISS and supports docking for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, facilitates propellant transfers from the latter.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 May 2006|title=Pirs Docking Compartment|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/pirs.html|access-date=28 March 2009|publisher=NASA|archive-date=25 October 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025154605/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/pirs.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Launched on 10&nbsp;November 2009 attached to a modified [[Progress spacecraft]], called [[Progress M-MIM2]].<ref name="energia0828">{{Cite news|date=28 August 2009|title=August 28, 2009. S. P. Korolev RSC Energia, Korolev, Moscow region|url=http://www.energia.ru/eng/iss/mim1/photo_08-28.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921031747/https://www.energia.ru/eng/iss/mim1/photo_08-28.html|archive-date=21 September 2020|access-date=3 September 2009|publisher=RSC Energia}}</ref><ref name="sfn-20091110">{{Cite news|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/station/exp21/091110mrmlaunch/|title=Poisk launches to add new room for space station|last=Clark|first=Stephen|date=10 November 2009|access-date=11 November 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810132113/https://spaceflightnow.com/station/exp21/091110mrmlaunch/|archive-date=10 August 2023|work=Spaceflight Now}}</ref>

''Poisk'' provides facilities to maintain Orlan spacesuits and is equipped with two inward-opening hatches, a design change from ''Mir'', which encountered a dangerous situation caused by an outward-opening hatch that opened too quickly because of a small amount of air pressure remaining in the airlock.<ref name="russianspaceweb-mir-close-calls">{{Cite web|url=https://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir_close_calls.html|title=Mir close calls|last=Zak|first=Anatoly|access-date=1 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811162132/https://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir_close_calls.html|archive-date=11 August 2023|website=RussianSpaceWeb}}</ref> Since the departure of [[Pirs (ISS module)|''Pirs'']] in 2021, it's become the sole airlock on the Russian segment.

==== ''Harmony'' ====
{{Main|Harmony (ISS module)}}
[[File:Node 2 - STS-134.jpg|thumb|''Harmony'' (center) shown connected to ''Columbus'', ''Kibo'', and ''Destiny''. The dark [[Pressurized Mating Adapter|PMA-2]] faces the camera. The nadir and zenith locations are open.]]

''Harmony'', or ''Node 2'', is the central connecting hub of the US segment of the ISS, linking the U.S., European, and Japanese laboratory modules. It's also been called the "utility hub" of the ISS as it provides essential power, data, and life support systems. The module also houses sleeping quarters for four crew members.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukws3oLMDc8|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/ukws3oLMDc8|archive-date=11 December 2021|url-status=live|title=Station Tour: Harmony, Tranquility, Unity|date=19 May 2013|last=Williams|first=Suni (presenter)|publisher=NASA|time=0.06–0.35|access-date=31 August 2019|quote=So this is Node 2 ... this is where four out of six of us sleep.|medium=video}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Launched on 23&nbsp;October 2007 aboard {{OV|103}} on [[STS-120]],<ref name="launch">{{cite web|last=NASA|date=23 October 2007|title=STS-120 MCC Status Report #01|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts120/news/STS-120-01.html|publisher=NASA|access-date=22 September 2019|archive-date=28 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028131000/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts120/news/STS-120-01.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="lat">{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-oct-24-sci-shuttle24-story.html|title=Shuttle embarks on busy mission|last=Johnson, Jr.|first=John|date=24 October 2007|access-date=23 October 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812222654/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-oct-24-sci-shuttle24-story.html|archive-date=12 August 2023|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Harmony was initially attached to the Unity<ref name="harmmate">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/120/STS-120_Archive.html|title=Harmony module pulled from cargo bay|last=Harwood|first=William|date=26 October 2007|access-date=26 October 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917130622/http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/120/STS-120_Archive.html|archive-date=17 September 2021|publisher=[[CBS News]]}}</ref><ref name="room">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/26/science/26cnd-shuttle.html|url-access=subscription|title=New Room Added to Space Station|last=Schwartz|first=John|date=26 October 2007|access-date=26 October 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811162928/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/26/science/26cnd-shuttle.html|archive-date=11 August 2023|work=The New York Times}}</ref> before being relocated to its permanent position at the front of the Destiny laboratory on 14&nbsp;November 2007.<ref name="pma3">{{cite web|last=NASA|year=2007|title=PMA-3 Relocation|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition15/pma3move.html|access-date=28 September 2007|publisher=[[NASA]]|archive-date=12 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012235655/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition15/pma3move.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> This expansion added significant living space to the ISS, marking a key milestone in the construction of the U.S. segment.

==== ''Tranquility'' ====
{{Main|Tranquility (ISS module)}}
[[File:Node 3 - Isolated view.jpg|thumb|''Tranquility'' in 2011]]

''Tranquility'', also known as ''Node 3'', is a module of the ISS. It contains environmental control systems, [[life support system]]s, a toilet, exercise equipment, and an observation [[Cupola (ISS module)|cupola]].

The European Space Agency and the [[Italian Space Agency]] had ''Tranquility'' manufactured by [[Thales Alenia Space]]. A ceremony on 20&nbsp;November 2009 transferred ownership of the module to NASA.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 October 2010|title=NASA – NASA Receives Tranquility|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/behindscenes/tranquility_transfer.html|access-date=12 August 2013|publisher=Nasa.gov|archive-date=11 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811174634/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/behindscenes/tranquility_transfer.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 8&nbsp;February 2010, NASA launched the module on the Space Shuttle's [[STS-130]] mission.

==== ''Columbus'' ====
{{Main|Columbus (ISS module)}}
[[File:Columbus module - cropped.jpg|thumb|The ''Columbus'' module on the ISS]]

''Columbus'' is a science laboratory that is part of the ISS and is the largest single contribution to the station made by the European Space Agency.

Like the ''Harmony'' and ''Tranquility'' modules, the ''Columbus'' laboratory was constructed in [[Turin]], Italy by [[Thales Alenia Space]]. The functional equipment and software of the lab was designed by [[EADS]] in [[Bremen]], Germany. It was also integrated in Bremen before being flown to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida in an [[Airbus Beluga]] jet. It was launched aboard Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'' on 7&nbsp;February 2008, on flight [[STS-122]]. It is designed for ten years of operation. The module is controlled by the [[Columbus Control Centre]], located at the [[German Space Operations Center]], part of the [[German Aerospace Center]] in [[Oberpfaffenhofen]] near [[Munich]], Germany.

The European Space Agency has spent [[Euro|€]]1.4 billion (about [[United States dollar|US$]]1.6 billion) on building ''Columbus'', including the experiments it carries and the ground control infrastructure necessary to operate them.<ref name="sfn-20080211">{{Cite news|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts122/080211fd5/index3.html|title=Station arm pulls Columbus module from cargo bay|last=Harwood|first=William|date=11 February 2008|access-date=7 August 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507224754/http://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts122/080211fd5/index3.html|archive-date=7 May 2016|work=Spaceflight Now}}</ref>

==== ''Kibō'' ====
{{Main|Kibō (ISS module)}}
[[File:Japanese Experiment Module exterior - cropped.jpg|thumb|''Kibō'' with its exposed facility on the right]]

{{Nihongo|''Kibō''|きぼう||{{lit|hope}}|lead=yes}}, also known as the ''Japanese Experiment Module'', is Japan's research facility on the ISS. It is the largest single module on the ISS, consisting of a pressurized lab, an exposed facility for conducting experiments in the space environment, two storage compartments, and a robotic arm. Attached to the ''Harmony'' module, ''Kibō'' was assembled in space over three Space Shuttle missions: [[STS-123]], [[STS-124]] and [[STS-127]].<ref name="japantimes-20090630">{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/06/30/reference/japan-a-low-key-player-in-space-race/|url-access=subscription|title=Japan a low-key player in space race|last=Kamiya|first=Setsuko|date=30 June 2009|work=[[The Japan Times]]|page=3|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813092804/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/06/30/reference/japan-a-low-key-player-in-space-race/#.Ugn8K-t_pqY|archive-date=13 August 2013}}</ref>

==== ''Cupola'' ====
{{Main|Cupola (ISS module)}}
[[File:STS130 cupola view1.jpg|thumb|The ''Cupola''{{'s}} windows with shutters open]]

The ''Cupola'' is an [[ESA]]-built observatory module of the ISS. Its name derives from the Italian word ''{{lang|it|cupola}}'', which means "[[dome]]". Its seven windows are used to conduct experiments, dockings and observations of Earth. It was launched aboard Space Shuttle mission STS-130 on 8 February 2010 and attached to the ''Tranquility'' (Node 3) module. With the ''Cupola'' attached, ISS assembly reached 85 per cent completion. The ''Cupola''{{'s}} central window has a diameter of {{convert|80|cm|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Cupola: a window over the Earth">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thalesaleniaspace-issmodules.com/cupola|title=Thales Alenia Space and ISS modules – Cupola: a window over the Earth|date=26 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726075315/http://www.thalesaleniaspace-issmodules.com/cupola|archive-date=26 July 2010}}</ref>

==== ''Rassvet'' ====
{{Main|Rassvet (ISS module)}}
[[File:STS132 Mini-Research Module-1.jpg|thumb|''Rassvet'' module with MLM-outfitting equipment (consisting of experiment airlock, RTOd radiators, and ERA workpost) at KSC]]

''Rassvet'' ({{Langx|ru|Рассвет|lit=first light|links=no}}), also known as the ''Mini-Research Module 1'' ({{Langx|ru|Малый исследовательский модуль 1|links=no}}) and formerly known as the ''Docking Cargo Module'' is primarily used for cargo storage and as a docking port for visiting spacecraft on the Russian segment of the ISS. ''Rassvet'' replaced the cancelled Docking and Storage Module and used a design largely based on the ''[[Mir Docking Module]]'' built in 1995.

Rassvet was delivered in on 14&nbsp;May 2010 {{OV|104}} on [[STS-132]] in exchange for the Russian Proton delivery of the US-funded ''Zarya'' module in 1998.<ref name="nsf-20090409">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2009/04/sts-132-prcb-baselines-mission-to-deliver-russias-mrm-1/|title=STS-132: PRCB baselines Atlantis' mission to deliver Russia's MRM-1|last=Gebhardt|first=Chris|date=9 April 2009|access-date=12 November 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412103414/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2009/04/sts-132-prcb-baselines-mission-to-deliver-russias-mrm-1/|archive-date=12 April 2023|work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]]}}</ref> ''Rassvet'' was attached to ''Zarya'' shortly thereafter.<ref name="connect">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts132/news/STS-132-09.html|title=STS-132 MCC Status Report #09|date=18 May 2010|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=7 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408013431/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts132/news/STS-132-09.html|archive-date=8 April 2013}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

==== ''Leonardo'' ====
{{Main|Leonardo (ISS module)}}The ''Leonardo'' Permanent Multipurpose Module (PMM) is a module of the International Space Station. It was flown into space aboard the Space Shuttle on [[STS-133]] on 24 February 2011 and installed on 1 March. ''Leonardo'' is primarily used for storage of spares, supplies and waste on the ISS, which was until then stored in many different places within the space station. It is also the personal hygiene area for the astronauts who live in the [[US Orbital Segment]]. The ''Leonardo'' PMM was a [[Multi-Purpose Logistics Module]] (MPLM) before 2011, but was modified into its current configuration. It was formerly one of two MPLM used for bringing cargo to and from the ISS with the Space Shuttle. The module was named for Italian polymath [[Leonardo da Vinci]].

==== Bigelow Expandable Activity Module ====
[[File:BEAM module expansion series.jpg|thumb|Progression of the expansion of BEAM]]

The [[Bigelow Expandable Activity Module]] (BEAM) is an experimental [[Inflatable space habitat|expandable]] [[#Pressurised modules|space station module]] developed by [[Bigelow Aerospace]], under contract to NASA, for testing as a temporary module on the International Space Station (ISS) from 2016 to at least 2020. It arrived at the ISS on 10&nbsp;April 2016,<ref name="space20160410">{{Cite news|url=https://www.space.com/32528-spacex-dragon-delivers-inflatable-room-space-station.html|title=SpaceX Dragon Arrives at Space Station, Delivers Inflatable Room Prototype|last=Pearlman|first=Robert|date=10 April 2016|access-date=11 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611082951/https://www.space.com/32528-spacex-dragon-delivers-inflatable-room-space-station.html|archive-date=11 June 2023|work=[[Space.com]]}}</ref> was berthed to the station on 16&nbsp;April at Tranquility Node 3, and was expanded and pressurized on 28&nbsp;May 2016. In December 2021, Bigelow Aerospace conveyed ownership of the module to NASA, as a result of Bigelow's cessation of activity.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Foust|first=Jeff|date=21 January 2022|title=Bigelow Aerospace transfers BEAM space station module to NASA|url=https://spacenews.com/bigelow-aerospace-transfers-beam-space-station-module-to-nasa/|access-date=13 February 2024|website=SpaceNews}}</ref>

==== International Docking Adapters ====
The [[International Docking Adapter]] (IDA) is a [[Docking and berthing of spacecraft#Adapters|spacecraft docking system adapter]] developed to convert [[APAS-95]] to the [[NASA Docking System]] (NDS).<!-- Do not replace this with International Docking System Standard, which is a standard of docking systems, while NASA Docking System is a docking system compatible with the IDSS. --> An IDA is placed on each of the ISS's two open [[Pressurized Mating Adapters]] (PMAs), both of which are connected to the ''Harmony'' module.

Two International Docking Adapters are currently installed aboard the Station. Originally, [[International Docking Adapter|IDA-1]] was planned to be installed on PMA-2, located at ''Harmony''<nowiki/>'s forward port, and [[International Docking Adapter#IDA-2|IDA-2]] would be installed on PMA-3 at ''Harmony''<nowiki/>'s zenith. After IDA 1 was destroyed in [[SpaceX CRS-7|a launch incident]], [[International Docking Adapter#IDA-2|IDA-2]] was installed on PMA-2 on 19 August 2016,<ref name="sfn-20160819">{{Cite news|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2016/08/19/spacewalkers-attach-new-port-to-space-station-for-commercial-spacecraft/|title=Spacewalkers attach docking adapter to space station for commercial vehicles|last=Harwood|first=William|date=19 August 2016|access-date=24 January 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810145126/https://spaceflightnow.com/2016/08/19/spacewalkers-attach-new-port-to-space-station-for-commercial-spacecraft/|archive-date=10 August 2023|work=Spaceflight Now}}</ref> while [[International Docking Adapter#IDA-3|IDA-3]] was later installed on PMA-3 on 21 August 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Garcia|first=Mark|date=21 August 2019|title=Spacewalkers Complete Installation of Second Commercial Docking Port|work=NASA Space Station|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/08/21/spacewalkers-complete-installation-of-second-commercial-docking-port/|access-date=24 January 2021|archive-date=2 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183325/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/08/21/spacewalkers-complete-installation-of-second-commercial-docking-port/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Bishop Airlock Module ====
{{Main|Nanoracks Bishop Airlock}}
[[File:ISS-64 NanoRacks Bishop airlock after installation.jpg|thumb|NanoRacks Bishop airlock module installed on the ISS]]

The NanoRacks Bishop Airlock Module is a [[Commercial use of space|commercially]] funded [[airlock]] module launched to the ISS on [[SpaceX CRS-21]] on 6 December 2020.<ref name="thales-milestone">{{Cite press release|url=https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/space/press-release/thales-alenia-space-reaches-key-milestone-nanoracks-airlock-module|title=Thales Alenia Space reaches key milestone for NanoRacks' airlock module|date=20 March 2019|publisher=[[Thales Alenia Space]]|location=Turin, Italy|access-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810130710/https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/space/press-release/thales-alenia-space-reaches-key-milestone-nanoracks-airlock-module|archive-date=10 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="sfn-20190802">{{Cite news|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/02/spacex-to-begin-flights-under-new-cargo-resupply-contract-next-year/|title=SpaceX to begin flights under new cargo resupply contract next year|last=Clark|first=Stephen|date=2 August 2019|access-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602175020/https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/02/spacex-to-begin-flights-under-new-cargo-resupply-contract-next-year/|archive-date=2 June 2023|work=Spaceflight Now}}</ref> The module was built by [[NanoRacks]], [[Thales Alenia Space]], and Boeing.<ref name="NanoRacks">{{Cite press release|url=https://nanoracks.com/nanoracks-boeing-first-commercial-airlock-module-on-iss/|title=NanoRacks, Boeing to Build First Commercial ISS Airlock Module|date=6 February 2017|publisher=[[NanoRacks]]|access-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811163145/https://nanoracks.com/nanoracks-boeing-first-commercial-airlock-module-on-iss/|archive-date=11 August 2023}}</ref> It will be used to deploy [[CubeSat]]s, [[small satellite]]s, and other external payloads for NASA, [[CASIS]], and other commercial and governmental customers.<ref name="NASA Announcement">{{cite web|last=Garcia|first=Mark|date=6 February 2017|title=Progress Underway for First Commercial Airlock on Space Station|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/progress-underway-for-first-commercial-airlock-on-space-station|access-date=22 August 2019|publisher=[[NASA]]|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112004837/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/progress-underway-for-first-commercial-airlock-on-space-station/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== ''Nauka'' ====
[[File:Russian Spacewalkers dwarfed by the Nauka and Prichal modules 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|''Nauka'' and ''Prichal'' docked to ISS]]

{{Main|Nauka (ISS module)}}

''Nauka'' ({{Langx|ru|Наука|lit=Science|links=no}}), also known as the ''Multipurpose Laboratory Module, Upgrade'' ({{Langx|ru|Многоцелевой лабораторный модуль, усоверше́нствованный|links=no}}), is a Roscosmos-funded component of the ISS that was launched on 21&nbsp;July 2021, 14:58 UTC. In the original ISS plans, ''Nauka'' was to use the location of the [[Rassvet (ISS module)#Initial planning|Docking and Stowage Module]] (DSM), but the DSM was later replaced by the ''Rassvet'' module and moved to ''Zarya''{{'}}s nadir port. ''Nauka'' was successfully docked to ''Zvezda''{{'}}s nadir port on 29&nbsp;July 2021, 13:29 UTC, replacing the ''Pirs'' module.

It had a temporary docking adapter on its nadir port for crewed and uncrewed missions until Prichal arrival, where just before its arrival it was removed by a departing Progress spacecraft.<ref name="russianspaceweb-ms17">{{Cite web|url=http://russianspaceweb.com/progress-ms-17.html#redocking|title=Progress MS-17 lifts off to prepare Prichal module arrival|last=Zak|first=Anatoly|date=9 February 2021|access-date=21 October 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811171304/https://russianspaceweb.com/progress-ms-17.html#redocking|archive-date=11 August 2023|website=RussianSpaceWeb}}</ref>

==== ''Prichal'' ====
{{Main|Prichal (ISS module)}}
''Prichal'' ({{Langx|ru|Причал|lit=pier|links=no}}) is a {{convert|4|t|lb|adj=on}} spherical module that serves as a docking hub for the Russian segment of the ISS. Launched in November 2021, Prichal provides additional docking ports for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, as well as potential future modules. ''Prichal'' features six docking ports: forward, aft, port, starboard, zenith, and nadir. One of these ports, equipped with an active hybrid docking system, enabled it to dock with the Nauka module. The remaining five ports are passive hybrids, allowing for docking of Soyuz, Progress, and heavier modules, as well as future spacecraft with modified docking systems. As of 2024, the forward, aft, port and starboard docking ports remain covered. ''Prichal'' was initially intended to be an element of the now canceled [[Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex]].<ref name="rsw-um">{{Cite web|url=https://www.russianspaceweb.com/iss_node.html#2020|title=Prichal Node Module, UM|last=Zak|first=Anatoly|date=22 June 2020|access-date=23 June 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120175425/https://www.russianspaceweb.com/iss_node.html#2020|archive-date=20 November 2023|website=RussianSpaceWeb}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/07/25/new-docking-port-spacesuit-and-supplies-en-route-to-space-station/|title=New docking port, spacesuit and supplies en route to space station|last=Clark|first=Stephen|date=25 July 2019|access-date=17 August 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810130845/https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/07/25/new-docking-port-spacesuit-and-supplies-en-route-to-space-station/|archive-date=10 August 2023|work=Spaceflight Now}}</ref><ref name="energia-20110113">{{Cite press release|url=http://www.energia.ru/en/news/news-2011/news_01-13.html|title=News January 13, 2011|date=13 January 2011|publisher=[[Energia (corporation)|Energia]]|access-date=8 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702225123/http://www.energia.ru/en/news/news-2011/news_01-13.html|archive-date=2 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="NSF20200819">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/nauka-arrives-baikonur-final-preps/|title=Russia's Nauka ISS module arrives at Baikonur for final launch preparations|last=Atkinson|first=Ian|date=19 August 2020|access-date=20 August 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810132018/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/nauka-arrives-baikonur-final-preps/|archive-date=10 August 2023|work=[[NASASpaceFlight.com]]}}</ref>