Editing Industrial espionage (section)

===Industrial espionage as part of US foreign policy===

Former CIA Director [[Stansfield Turner]] stated in 1991, "as we increase emphasis on securing economic intelligence, we will have to spy on the more developed countries-our allies and friends with whom we compete economically-but to whom we turn first for [[Aid|political]] and [[Military aid|military assistance]] in a crisis. This means that rather than instinctively reaching for human, on-site spying, the United States will want to look to those impersonal technical systems, primarily [[Satellite imagery|satellite photography]] and intercepts".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Goldsmith|first1=Jack|date=23 March 2015|title=The Precise (and Narrow) Limits on U.S. Economic Espionage|url=https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/precise-and-narrow-limits-us-economic-espionage|website=www.lawfareblog.com}}</ref>

Former [[Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|CIA Director]] [[James Woolsey]] acknowledged in 2000 that the United States steals economic secrets from foreign firms and their governments "with espionage, with [[communication]]s, with [[reconnaissance satellite]]s". He listed the three reasons as understanding whether sanctions are functioning for countries under sanction, monitoring dual-use technology that could be used to produce or develop weapons, and to spy on bribery.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Woolsey|first1=James|date=7 March 2000|title=Intelligence Gathering and Democracies: The Issue of Economic and Industrial Espionage|url=https://fas.org/irp/news/2000/03/wool0300.htm|publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]]}}</ref>

In 2013 The United States was accused of spying on [[Brazil]]ian oil company [[Petrobras]]. Brazil's President [[Dilma Rousseff]] stated that it was tantamount to industrial espionage and had no security justification.<ref>{{cite news|title=NSA spying on Petrobras, if proven, is industrial espionage: Rousseff|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-security-snowden-petrobras/nsa-spying-on-petrobras-if-proven-is-industrial-espionage-rousseff-idUSBRE98817N20130909|work=[[Reuters]]|date=9 September 2013}}</ref>

In 2014 former US intelligence officer [[Edward Snowden]] stated that the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA) was engaged in industrial espionage and that they spied on [[Germany|German]] companies that compete with US firms. He also highlighted the fact the NSA uses [[Mobile app|mobile phone apps]] such as [[Angry Birds]] to gather [[personal data]].<ref>{{cite news|date=26 January 2014|title=NSA 'engaged in industrial espionage' - Snowden|publisher=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/25907502}}</ref>

According to a 2014 [[Glenn Greenwald]] article, "potentially sabotaging another country's hi-tech industries and their top companies has long been a sanctioned American strategy." The article was based on a leaked report issued from former U.S. [[Director of National Intelligence]] [[James R. Clapper]]'s office that evaluated how intelligence could be used to overcome a loss of the United States' technological and innovative edge. When contacted, the [[Director of National Intelligence]] office responded, "the United States—unlike our adversaries—does not steal proprietary corporate information", and insisted that "the Intelligence Community regularly engages in analytic exercises". The report, he said, "is not intended to be, and is not, a reflection of current policy or operations".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Greenwald|first1=Glenn|date=5 September 2014|title=The U.S. Government's Secret Plans to Spy for American Corporations|work=[[The Intercept]]|url=https://theintercept.com/2014/09/05/us-governments-plans-use-economic-espionage-benefit-american-corporations/}}</ref>

In September 2019, security firm [[Qi An Xin]] published report linking the CIA to a series of attacks targeting Chinese aviation agencies between 2012 and 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=美国中央情报局网络武器库分析与披露|url=https://ti.qianxin.com/blog/articles/network-weapons-of-cia/|website=qianxin}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chinese infosec firm accuses CIA-backed group of numerous hacks|url=https://itwire.com/security/chinese-infosec-firm-accuses-cia-backed-group-of-numerous-hacks.html|website=itwire.com}}</ref>