Editing Index Librorum Prohibitorum (section)

== Listed works and authors ==
{{Main list|List of authors and works on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum}}
[[File:Frans Hals - Portret van René Descartes.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|[[René Descartes]] went on the ''Index'' in 1663.]]

Noteworthy figures on the Index include [[Simone de Beauvoir]], [[Nicolas Malebranche]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], [[Michel de Montaigne]], [[Voltaire]], [[Denis Diderot]], [[Victor Hugo]], [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], [[André Gide]], [[Nikos Kazantzakis]], [[Emanuel Swedenborg]], [[Baruch Spinoza]], [[Desiderius Erasmus]],{{Citation needed|date=July 2022|reason=This looks like a confusion with Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802), who is on the Index. (Google Books search of Bujanda's book shows Erasmus Darwin, and one Erasmus Ungepauer (1582–1659) of Nuremburg, but no other Erasmus.) Erasmus was a careful writer and a prominent defender of Catholic orthodoxy, unlikely to have published heresy. If Erasmus was on the list but later removed, that would be worthy of separate note, perhaps in the section above on Changing judgments, or on the linked list of authors under "Reversals and non-inclusions".}} [[Immanuel Kant]], [[David Hume]], [[René Descartes]], [[Francis Bacon]], [[Thomas Browne]], [[John Milton]], [[John Locke]], [[Nicolaus Copernicus]], [[Niccolò Machiavelli]], [[Galileo Galilei]], [[Blaise Pascal]], and [[Hugo Grotius]]. The first woman to be placed on the list was [[Magdalena Heymair|Magdalena Haymairus]] in 1569, who was listed for her children's book {{lang|de|Die sontegliche Episteln über das gantze Jar in gesangsweis gestellt}} (''Sunday Epistles on the whole Year, put into hymns'').<ref name="Stead">{{cite journal|last=Stead|first=William Thomas|title=The Index Expurgatorius|journal=The Review of Reviews|date=1902|volume=26|page=498|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmoAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA498|access-date=8 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="Gifford">{{cite journal|last=Gifford|first=William|title=The Roman Index|journal=The Quarterly Review|year=1902|volume=196|pages=602–603|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L0aKIrzkU-AC&pg=PA602|access-date=8 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="Index">{{cite book |author = Catholic Church|title=Index Librorum Prohibitorum cum Regulis confectis per Patres a Tridentina Synodo delectos authoritate{{nbsp}}[...] Pii IIII. comprobatus. Una cum iis qui mandato Regiae Catholicae Majestatis et{{nbsp}}[...] Ducis Albani, Consiliique Regii decreto prohibentur, etc.|year=1569|publisher=Leodii |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=K9hlAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT80 |access-date=8 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="Bujanda">{{cite book|last1=Bujanda|first1=Jesús Martínez de|last2=Davignon|first2=René|title=Index d'Anvers, 1569, 1570, 1571|year=1988|publisher=Librairie Droz|page=196 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6JN7l79oGO4C&pg=PA196 |access-date=8 February 2017|isbn=9782762200454}}</ref> Other women include [[Anne Askew]],<ref name="Putnam">{{cite book|last=Putnam|first=George Haven|title=The censorship of the church of Rome and its influence upon the production and distribution of literature: a study of the history of the prohibitory and expurgatory indexes, together with some consideration of the effects of Protestant censorship and of censorship by the state|year=1906–1907|publisher=G.P. Putnam's sons|location=New York|page=250 |isbn=9780524007792|url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?q1=Anna%20a%20Skeue;id=hvd.32044014667141;view=image;seq=286;start=1;sz=10;page=search;num=250 |access-date=8 February 2017}}</ref> [[Olympia Fulvia Morata]], [[Ursula of Munsterberg]] (1491–1534), [[Veronica Franco]], and [[Paola Antonia Negri]] (1508–1555).<ref name="Hilgers">{{cite book |last=Hilgers|first=Joseph|title=Der Index der verbotenen Bücher. In seiner neuen Fassung dargelegt und rechtlich-historisch gewürdigt|date=1904|publisher=Herder|location=Freiburg in Breisgau|pages=145–150}}</ref> Contrary to a popular misconception, [[Charles Darwin]]'s works were never included.<ref>Rafael Martinez, professor of the philosophy of science at the Santa Croce Pontifical University in Rome, in speech reported on [http://www.cinews.ie/article.php?artid=5793 Catholic Ireland net] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607000752/http://www.cinews.ie/article.php?artid=5793 |date=7 June 2009 }} Accessed 26 May 2009</ref>

In many cases, an author's {{lang|la|opera omnia}} (complete works) were forbidden. However, the Index stated that the prohibition of someone's {{lang|la|opera omnia}} did not preclude works that were not concerned with religion and were not forbidden by the general rules of the Index. This explanation was omitted in the 1929 edition, which was officially interpreted in 1940 as meaning that {{lang|la|opera omnia}} covered all the author's works without exception.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Tie0hkcrpg4C&pg=PA36 Jesús Martínez de Bujanda, ''Index librorum prohibitorum: 1600–1966''] (Droz 2002 {{ISBN|2-600-00818-7}}), p. 36</ref>

Cardinal Ottaviani stated in April 1966 that there was too much contemporary literature and the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith could not keep up with it.<ref>''[[L'Osservatore della Domenica]]'', 24 April 1966, p.&nbsp;10.</ref>