Editing Hypsipyle (section)

===''Hypsipyle''===
The earliest involvement of Hypsipyle in the Opheltes/Archemorus story occurs in Euripides' ''[[Hypsipyle (play)|Hypsipyle]]'', and may well have been an Euripidean invention.<ref>Gantz, p. 511; Collard and Cropp, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.251.xml p. 251]; Bravo, pp. 106&ndash;110. For the extant fragments of the play with introduction and notes see Collard and Cropp, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.251.xml pp. 250&ndash;321].</ref> After fleeing Lemnos, Hypsipyle was captured by pirates and sold as a slave to Lycurgus, the priest of Zeus at [[Nemea]], where she has become the nurse to Lycurgus and Eurydice's son [[Opheltes]].<ref>Gantz, p. 511; Collard and Cropp, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.251.xml p. 251]; [[Euripides]], ''Hypsipyle'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.311.xml fr. 759a.72&ndash;74], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.313.xml 79&ndash;87] (flight, capture by pirates, slavery), [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.257.xml test. iiia (Hypothesis)] [= [[P. Oxy.]] 2455 frs. 14&ndash;15, 3652 cols. i and ii.1-15] (Lycurgus as father), [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.275.xml fr. 752h.26&ndash;28] (Lycurgus as priest of Zeus), [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.293.xml fr. 757] (Eurydice as mother), [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.293.xml fr. 757.41&ndash;44] (Hypsipyle as nurse). Although Lycurgus is a king in later accounts, there is no indication of that here, see Bravo, p. 107.</ref>

As the action of the play begins, Hypsipyle's twin sons by Jason, Euneus and Thoas, arrive seeking shelter for the night.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''Hypsipyle'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.263.xml fr. 752c] [= fr. 764 Nauck], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.263.xml fr. 752d].</ref> The sons have been separated from Hypsipyle since infancy, so neither recognizes the other. When Jason left Lemnos he had taken his sons to [[Colchis]]. After he died, Jason's fellow argonaut [[Orpheus]] took the boys to [[Thrace]], where he raised them. They eventually met Hypsipyles' father Thoas, who took them back to Lemnos. From there they embarked on a search for their mother.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''Hypsipyle'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.315.xml fr. 759a.93&ndash;105 (Collard and Cropp, pp. 314&ndash;315)].</ref>

The Seven against Thebes have also just arrived and encounter Hypsipyle. Amphiaraus tells Hypsipyle that they need water for a sacrifice, and she leads the Seven to a spring.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''Hypsipyle'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.273.xml fr. 752h], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.283.xml fr. 753].</ref> Hypsipyle brings Opheltes with her, and somehow, in a moment of neglect, Opheltes is killed by a serpent.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''Hypsipyle'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.285.xml fr. 753d], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.287.xml fr. 754], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.287.xml fr. 754a].</ref> The child's mother Eurydice is about to have Hypsipyle put to death, when Amphiaraus arrives and Hypsipyle pleads with him to speak in her defense.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''Hypsipyle'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.295.xml fr. 757.37&ndash;68 (Collard and Cropp, pp. 294&ndash;297)].</ref> Amphiaraus tells Euridice that the child's death was destined, proposes that funeral games be held in Opheltes' honor, and is able to convince Euridice to spare Hypsipyle's life.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''Hypsipyle'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.297.xml fr. 757.69&ndash;144 (Collard and Cropp, pp. 297&ndash;303]. The seer Amphiaraus describing his defense of Hypsipyle as relying "on piety", ([https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.297.xml fr. 757.73]) is suggestive of the child's death having been ordained by the gods.</ref> Funeral games are held, and Hypsypyle's sons participate, as a result of which, a recognition and reunion between Hypsipyle and her sons is effected, who then manage to free Hypsipyle from her servitude.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''Hypsipyle'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.311.xml fr. 759a.58&ndash;110].</ref>

The surviving fragments of Euripides' play do not make it clear how the recognition between Hypsipyle and her sons was brought about, but two later accounts may have been based on the play.<ref>Collard and Cropp, pp. [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.253.xml 253] [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.259.xml 259, tests. iv, va with notes].</ref>  According to the [[Second Vatican Mythographer]], after the sons won the foot-race, at the funeral games, their names and parents were announced, and in this way their identities were revealed.<ref>[[Second Vatican Mythographer]] 141 Bode [= [[Euripides]] ''Hypsipyle'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.259.xml test. va] = 164 Pepin, pp. 166&ndash;167].</ref> The [[Cyzicene epigrams]], the third book of the ''[[Palatine Anthology]]'', describes a depiction, on a temple in [[Cyzicus]], of Euneus and Thoas showing Hypsipyle a gold ornament ("the golden vine") as proof of their identities.<ref>''[[Greek Anthology]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_anthology_3/2014/pb_LCL067.159.xml 3.10] [= ''[[Palatine Anthology]]'' 3.10 = Euripides ''Hypsipyle'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.259.xml test. iv]]. Compare with [[Euripides]] ''Hypsipyle'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-dramatic_fragments/2008/pb_LCL506.317.xml fr. 759a.110], where Euneus mentions a "wine-dark grape-bunch".</ref>