Editing Huldrych Zwingli (section)

===Reformation in the Confederation (1526–1528)===
{{further|Swiss Reformation|Bern Disputation}}
[[File:Ulrich Zwingli Denkmal - Wasserkirche - Limmatquai 2011-08-10 11-47-50.jpg|right|thumb|180px|Statue of Zwingli in front of the ''[[Wasserkirche]]'' church in Zurich]]
On 8 April 1524, five cantons, [[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]], [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]], [[Unterwalden]], and [[Canton of Zug|Zug]], formed an alliance, ''die fünf Orte'' (the Five States) to defend themselves from Zwingli's Reformation.<ref name="Potter138" /> They contacted the opponents of Martin Luther including [[John Eck]], who had debated Luther in the [[Leipzig Disputation]] of 1519. Eck offered to dispute Zwingli and he accepted. However, they could not agree on the selection of the judging authority, the location of the debate, and the use of the Swiss Diet as a court. Because of the disagreements, Zwingli decided to boycott the disputation. On 19 May 1526, all the cantons sent delegates to [[Baden, Switzerland|Baden]]. Although Zurich's representatives were present, they did not participate in the sessions. Eck led the Catholic party while the reformers were represented by [[Johannes Oecolampadius]] of Basel, a theologian from [[Württemberg]] who had carried on an extensive and friendly correspondence with Zwingli. While the debate proceeded, Zwingli was kept informed of the proceedings and printed pamphlets giving his opinions. It was of little use as the Diet decided against Zwingli. He was to be banned and his writings were no longer to be distributed. Of the thirteen Confederation members, [[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]], [[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]], [[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]], and [[Appenzell]] as well as the Five States voted against Zwingli. [[Canton of Bern|Bern]], [[Canton of Basel|Basel]], [[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]], and [[Canton of Zurich|Zurich]] supported him.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gäbler|1986|pp=111–113}}</ref>

The Baden disputation exposed a deep rift in the Confederation on matters of religion. The Reformation was now emerging in other states. The city of [[St Gallen]], an affiliated state to the Confederation, was led by a reformed mayor, [[Joachim Vadian]], and the city abolished the mass in 1527, just two years after Zurich. In Basel, although Zwingli had a close relationship with Oecolampadius, the government did not officially sanction any reformatory changes until 1 April 1529 when the mass was prohibited. Schaffhausen, which had closely followed Zurich's example, formally adopted the Reformation in September 1529.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

In the case of Bern, [[Berchtold Haller]], the priest at [[Münster of Berne|St Vincent Münster]], and [[Niklaus Manuel]], the poet, painter, and politician, had campaigned for the reformed cause. But it was only after [[Bern Disputation|another disputation]] that Bern counted itself as a canton of the Reformation. Three hundred and fifty persons participated,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Sallmann |first=Martin |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004316355/B9789004316355-s005.xml |title=A Companion to the Swiss Reformation |date=1 January 2016 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-31635-5 |editor-last=Burnett |editor-first=Amy Nelson |language=en |chapter=The Reformation in Bern |editor-last2=Campi |editor-first2=Emidio}}</ref>{{Rp|page=144|pages=}} including pastors from Bern and other cantons as well as theologians from outside the Confederation such as [[Martin Bucer]] and [[Wolfgang Capito]] from [[Strasbourg]], [[Ambrosius Blarer]] from [[Konstanz|Constance]], and [[Andreas Althamer]] from [[Nuremberg]]. Eck and Fabri refused to attend and the Catholic cantons did not send representatives. The meeting started on 6 January 1528 and lasted nearly three weeks. Zwingli assumed the main burden of defending the Reformation and he preached twice in the Münster. On 7 February 1528 the council decreed that the Reformation be established in Bern.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gäbler|1986|pp=113–119}}</ref>