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==Titles== ===List of heads of the Medici=== {| width="94%" class="wikitable" ! style="width:auto;" | Portrait ! style="width:30%;" | Name ! style="width:16%;" | From ! style="width:16%;" | Until ! style="width:auto;" | Relationship with predecessor |- |[[File:Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici Portrait by Agnolo Bronzino.jpg|85px]] |[[Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici]] |c.β1360 |February 1429 |Son of [[Averardo de' Medici]], founder of the [[Medici Bank]] |- |} ====''Signore'' in the Republic of Florence==== {| width="94%" class="wikitable" ! style="width:auto;" | Portrait ! style="width:30%;" | Name ! style="width:16%;" | From ! style="width:16%;" | Until ! style="width:auto;" | Relationship with predecessor |- |[[File:Cosimo di Medici (Bronzino).jpg|85px]] |[[Cosimo de' Medici]] <br>(''Pater Patriae'') |1434 |1 August 1464 |Son of [[Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici]] who was not as prominently involved in Florentine politics, rather more involved in the financial area. |- |[[File:Piero di Cosimo de' Medici.jpg|85px]] |[[Piero di Cosimo de' Medici|Piero I de' Medici]] <br>(''Piero the Gouty'') |1 August 1464 |2 December 1469 |Eldest son of Cosimo de' Medici. |- |[[File:Lorenzo de Medici.jpg|85px]] |[[Lorenzo de' Medici|Lorenzo I de' Medici]]<br>(''Lorenzo the Magnificent'') |2 December 1469 |9 April 1492 |Eldest son of Piero I de' Medici. |- |[[File:501 Piero de Medici 02.JPG|85px]] |[[Piero the Unfortunate|Piero II de' Medici]]<br>(''Piero the Unfortunate'') |9 April 1492 |8 November 1494 |Eldest son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Overthrown when [[Charles VIII of France]] invaded as a full republic was restored, first under the theocracy of [[Girolamo Savonarola]] and then statesman [[Piero Soderini]]. |- |[[File:Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici.jpg|85px]] |[[Pope Leo X|Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici]] |31 August 1512 |9 March 1513 |Brother of Piero the Unfortunate, second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Elected to the Papacy, becoming Pope Leo X. |- |[[File:Raffaello, giuliano_de%27_medici.jpg|85px]] |[[Giuliano de' Medici (1479-1516)|Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours]] |9 March 1513 |17 March 1516 |Brother of Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici, third son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. |- |[[File:Portrait of Lorenzo di Medici.jpg|85px]] |[[Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino|Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino]] |17 March 1516 |4 May 1519 |Nephew of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, son of Piero the Unfortunate. Father of [[Catherine de' Medici]], Queen consort of France. |- |[[File:Portrait of Giulio de Medici (1478 - 1534) Pope Clement VII.jpg|85px]] |[[Pope Clement VII|Cardinal Giulio de' Medici]] |4 May 1519 |19 November 1523 |Cousin of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, son of [[Giuliano de' Medici (1453-1478)|Giuliano de' Medici]] who was the brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Elected to the Papacy, becoming ''[[Pope Clement VII]]''. |- |[[File:Ippolito de' Medici.jpg|85px]] |[[Ippolito de' Medici|Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici]] |19 November 1523 |24 October 1529 |Cousin of Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, illegitimate son of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours. |- |} ====Dukes of Florence==== {| width=94% class="wikitable" ! style="width:auto;" | Portrait ! style="width:30%;" | Name ! style="width:16%;" | From ! style="width:16%;" | Until ! style="width:auto;" | Relationship with predecessor |- |[[File:Alessandro-the-moor.jpg|85px]] |[[Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence|Alessandro ''il Moro'']] |24 October 1529 |6 January 1537 |Cousin of Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici, illegitimate son of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino or Pope Clement VII. Acting ''signore'' during imperial [[Siege of Florence (1529β1530)|Siege of Florence]], made Duke in 1531. |- |[[File:Bronzino, Portrait of Cosimo I de' Medici in armour, 1545 (Uffizi).jpg|85px]] |[[Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Cosimo I]] |6 January 1537 |21 April 1574 |Distant cousin of Alessandro de' Medici, Son of [[Giovanni dalle Bande Nere]]. ''dei Popolani'' line descended from [[Lorenzo the Elder]], Brother of Cosimo de' Medici; also great-grandson of Lorenzo the Magnificent through his mother, Maria Salviati, and his grandmother, Lucrezia de' Medici. 1569, he was made Grand Duke of Tuscany. |- |} ====Grand Dukes of Tuscany==== {| width=94% class="wikitable" ! style="width:auto;" | Portrait ! style="width:30%;" | Name ! style="width:16%;" | From ! style="width:16%;" | Until ! style="width:auto;" | Relationship with predecessor |- |[[File:Agnolo Bronzino - Cosimo I de' Medici in armour - Google Art Project.jpg|110x110px]] |[[Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Cosimo I]] |6 January 1569 |21 April 1574 | |- |[[File:Portrait of Francesco I de' Medici (by Alessandro Allori).jpg|111x111px]] |[[Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Francesco I]] |21 April 1574 |17 October 1587 |Eldest son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. |- |[[File:Pulzone, Scipione - Ferdinando I de' Medici, granduca di Toscana - 1590.jpg|101x101px]] |[[Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Ferdinando I]] |17 October 1587 |17 February 1609 |Brother of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. |- |[[File:Cristofano Allori - Cosimo II (1608-1618).jpg|85px]] |[[Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Cosimo II]] |17 February 1609 |28 February 1621 |Eldest son of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. |- |[[File:Sustermans, Justus - Official portrait of Ferdinando II de' Medici as Grand Duke of Tuscany.jpg|103x103px]] |[[Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Ferdinando II]] |28 February 1621 |23 May 1670 |Eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. |- |[[File:Grand Duke CosimoIII of Tuscany by van Douven.jpg|85px]] |[[Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Cosimo III]] |23 May 1670 |31 October 1723 |Eldest son of Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. |- |[[File:Richter, Ferdinando (copia da) - Gian Gastone de' Medici.jpg|115x115px]] |[[Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Gian Gastone]] |31 October 1723 |9 July 1737 |Second son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. |}
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