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History of North Korea
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== Era of Kim Jong Un (2011–present) == [[File:Computer lab, Pyongyang, 2012.jpg|thumb|right|A computer lab classroom in the [[Grand People's Study House]], Pyongyang, 2012]] Kim Jong Il died on 17 December 2011<ref>{{cite news|title=N. Korean leader Kim dead: state TV|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ggTRbHnVT9qA8_cbG0p5dkbChBvA?docId=CNG.f422d650d5b8ced9ed3fbdc8e3558b87.e1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108015438/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ggTRbHnVT9qA8_cbG0p5dkbChBvA?docId=CNG.f422d650d5b8ced9ed3fbdc8e3558b87.e1|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 8, 2012|access-date=19 December 2011}}</ref> and was succeeded by his son, [[Kim Jong Un]]. In late 2013, Kim Jong Un's uncle [[Jang Song-thaek]] was arrested and executed after a trial. According to the South Korean spy agency, Kim may have purged some 300 people after taking power.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kim Jong Un has purged, executed more than 300 people, spy agency says| work=[[United Press International]] |date=28 December 2016 |access-date=4 December 2021 |url= https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2016/12/28/Kim-Jong-Un-has-purged-executed-more-than-300-people-spy-agency-says/7071482971899/ }}</ref> In 2014, the [[Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|United Nations Commission of Inquiry]] accused the government of [[crimes against humanity]].<ref>{{cite web|title=North Korea: UN Commission documents wide-ranging and ongoing crimes against humanity, urges referral to ICC| work=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights| url= http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=14255&LangID=E|date=17 February 2014}}</ref> In 2015, North Korea adopted [[Pyongyang Standard Time]] (UTC+08.30), reversing the change to [[Japan Standard Time]] (UTC+9.00) which had been imposed by the Japanese Empire when it annexed Korea. As a result, North Korea was in a different time zone to South Korea.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 August 2015|title=North Korea's new time zone to break from 'imperialism'|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049}}</ref> In 2016, the [[7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea]] was held in Pyongyang, the first party congress since 1980.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frank|first=Ruediger|date=20 May 2016|title=The 7th Party Congress in North Korea: A Return to a New Normal|url=http://38north.org/2016/05/rfrank052016/|publisher=[[38 North]]}}</ref> The mid-term economic development plan was announced for the first time in 24 years.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Gray | first1=Kevin | last2=Lee | first2=Jong-Woon | title=North Korea and the Geopolitics of Development | location = Cambridge | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2021 | isbn=978-1-108-91154-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D2srEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA186 | page=186}}</ref> In 2017, North Korea tested the [[Hwasong-15]], an [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] capable of striking anywhere in the United States of America.<ref>{{cite news |title=North Korea tests 'new long-range missile' capable of striking anywhere in US as Donald Trump says he will 'take care of it' |date=29 November 2017 |newspaper=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/28/north-korea-fires-ballistic-missile-reports-may-have-landed/}}</ref> Estimates of North Korea's nuclear arsenal at that time ranged between 15 and 60 bombs, probably including [[hydrogen bombs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/north-koreas-military-capabilities|title=North Korea's Military Capabilities|first=Eleanor|last=Albert|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|date=3 January 2018}}</ref> [[File:2018 inter-Korean summit square.jpg|thumb|Kim and Moon meet at the DMZ in 2018]] In February 2018, North Korea sent an unprecedented high-level delegation to the [[North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics in South Korea]], headed by [[Kim Yo Jong]], sister of [[Kim Jong Un]], and President [[Kim Yong-nam]], which passed on an invitation to South Korean President Moon to visit the North.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nknews.org/2018/02/delegation-visit-shows-n-korea-can-take-drastic-steps-to-improve-relations-mo|title=Delegation visit shows N. Korea can take "drastic" steps to improve relations: MOU|work=[[NK News]]|first=Dagyum|last=Ji|date=12 February 2018}}</ref> In April the two Korean leaders met at the [[Joint Security Area]] where they announced their governments would work towards a denuclearized Korean Peninsula and formalize peace between the two states.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kim, Moon declare end of Korean War|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20180427_47/|publisher=NHK World|access-date=27 April 2018|date=27 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428011722/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20180427_47/|archive-date=28 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> North Korea announced it would change its time zone to realign with the South.<ref>{{cite news|title=South Korea to remove loudspeakers along border, North Korea to align time zone with the South|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-southkorea/north-korea-to-align-with-souths-time-zone-as-first-practical-step-toward-reconciliation-idUSKBN1I1040|work=Reuters|first=Hyonhee|last=Shin|date=30 April 2018}}</ref> On 12 June 2018, Kim met American President [[Donald Trump]] at a [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|summit in Singapore]] and signed a declaration, again affirming a commitment to peace and denuclearization.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rosenfeld |first1=Everett |title=Document signed by Trump and Kim includes four main elements related to 'peace regime' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/12/trump-and-kim-sign-agreement-document-after-summit-in-singapore.html |website=CNBC |access-date=12 June 2018 |date=12 June 2018}}</ref> Trump announced that he would halt military exercises with South Korea and foreshadowed withdrawing American troops entirely.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cloud |first1=David S. |title=Trump's decision to halt military exercises with South Korea leaves Pentagon and allies nervous |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-military-korea-20180612-story.html |access-date=12 June 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=12 June 2018}}</ref> In September, South Korean President Moon visited Pyongyang for a [[September 2018 inter-Korean summit|summit with Kim]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-19/north-korea-agrees-to-dismanlte-nuclear-test-site/10282040|title=North Korea agrees to dismantle nuclear complex if United States takes reciprocal action, South says|publisher=ABC|date=19 September 2019}}</ref> In February 2019 in Hanoi, a [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit|second summit]] between Kim and Trump broke down without an agreement.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-and-kim-downplay-expectations-as-key-summit-talks-begin/2019/02/28/d77d752c-3ac5-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html|title=North Korea's foreign minister says country seeks only partial sanctions relief, contradicting Trump|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> On 30 June 2019, Trump, Moon, and Kim met at the DMZ.<ref name=cnnjune30>{{cite web |title=Trump takes 20 steps into North Korea |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/29/politics/kim-jong-un-donald-trump-dmz-north-korea/index.html |website=CNN.com |date=29 June 2019 |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref> Talks in Stockholm began in October between US and North Korean negotiating teams, but broke down after one day.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5693526/north-korea-us-nuclear-diplomacy-sweden/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005155025/https://time.com/5693526/north-korea-us-nuclear-diplomacy-sweden/|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 October 2019|title=North Korea Says Nuclear Talks Break Down While U.S. Says They Were 'Good'|first1=Jari|last1=Tanner|first2=Matthew|last2=Lee|magazine=Time|date=5 October 2019}}</ref> Starting in January 2020, the North Korean government took extensive measures to block the spread of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea|COVID-19 pandemic]], including quarantines and travel restrictions. In April, the US analyst website ''[[38 North]]'' said this appeared to have been successful.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.38north.org/2020/04/kparkjjongyjung042320/ |title=Do They or Do They Not Have COVID-19 Inside North Korea? |first1=Kee B. |last1=Park |first2=Jessup |last2=Jong |first3=Youngwoo |last3=Jung |publisher=The Henry L. Stimson Center |work=[[38 North]] |date=23 April 2020 |access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> In 2024 ''[[38 North]]'' reported that North Korea had had a "seemingly successful" response to the pandemic, but had not yet returned to normalcy.<ref name=38north-20240926>{{cite web |url=https://www.38north.org/2024/09/prospects-for-health-cooperation-changing-health-priorities-for-the-democratic-peoples-republic-of-korea/ |title=Prospects for Health Cooperation: Changing Health Priorities for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |author1=Samuel S. Han |author2=Heeje Lee |author3=Kee B. Park |publisher=The Henry L. Stimson Center |work=[[38 North]] |date=26 September 2024 |access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref> The [[8th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea]], held in early January 2021, restored the operative functions of the [[General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea]], a title previously awarded "eternally" to Kim Jong Il in 2012,<ref>{{cite web |author1=Won-Gi Jung |title=Kim Jong Un named general secretary — a title reserved for his late father |url=https://www.nknews.org/2021/01/kim-jong-un-named-general-secretary-a-title-reserved-for-his-late-father/ |website=[[NK News]] |access-date=5 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111004917/https://www.nknews.org/2021/01/kim-jong-un-named-general-secretary-a-title-reserved-for-his-late-father/ |archive-date=11 January 2021 |language=English |date=10 January 2021}}</ref> and elected Kim Jong Un to it.<ref>{{cite web |author1=huaxia |title=DPRK leader Kim Jong Un elected as general secretary of ruling party |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-01/11/c_139657618.htm |website=Xinhuanet |publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |access-date=5 March 2021 |location=Pyongyang |language=English |date=11 January 2021 |archive-date=6 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406222229/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-01/11/c_139657618.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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