Editing Heterosexuality (section)

===Historical views===
There was no need to coin a term such as ''heterosexual'' until terms emerged with which it could be compared and contrasted. Jonathan Ned Katz dates the definition of heterosexuality, as it is used today, to the late 19th century.<ref name="Katz">{{cite journal|last1=Katz|first1=Jonathan Ned|title=The Invention of Heterosexuality|journal=Socialist Review|date=January–March 1990|issue=20|pages=7–34|url=https://english101sp2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/jonathan-katz_the-invention-of-heterosexuality.pdf|access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> According to Katz, in the [[Victorian era]], sex was seen as a means to achieve reproduction, and relations between the sexes were not believed to be overtly sexual. The body was thought of as a tool for procreation – "Human energy, thought of as a closed and severely limited system, was to be used in producing children and in work, not wasted in libidinous pleasures."<ref name="Katz"/>

Katz argues that modern ideas of [[sexuality]] and [[eroticism]] began to develop in America and Germany in the later 19th century. The changing economy and the "transformation of the family from producer to consumer"<ref name="Katz"/> resulted in shifting values. The Victorian work ethic had changed, pleasure became more highly valued and this allowed ideas of human sexuality to change. [[Consumer culture]] had created a market for the erotic, pleasure became [[commoditized]]. At the same time medical doctors began to acquire more power and influence. They developed the medical model of "normal love", in which healthy men and women enjoyed sex as part of a "new ideal of male-female relationships that included.. an essential, necessary, normal eroticism."<ref name="Katz"/> This model also had a counterpart, "the Victorian Sex Pervert", anyone who failed to meet the [[Norm (social)|norm]]. The basic oppositeness of the sexes was the basis for normal, healthy sexual attraction. "The attention paid the sexual abnormal created a need to name the sexual normal, the better to distinguish the average him and her from the deviant it."<ref name="Katz"/> The creation of the term ''heterosexual'' consolidated the social existence of the pre-existing heterosexual experience and created a sense of ensured and validated normalcy within it.