Editing Hekla (section)

=== Eruption Summary ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=70%
|+ Summary of known eruptions
|-
! data-sort-type="number" width=95px | Start Date<ref name="GVPHEH" />
! class="unsortable" width=95px | Years before 1950 (BP)
! width=70px | VEI<ref name="GVPHEH" />
! width=70px | Lava volume<br>(km<sup>3</sup>)<ref name="CIV">{{cite web|url =https://icelandicvolcanoes.is/?volcano=HEK|title =Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Hekla|access-date=30 June 2024}}</ref>
! width=70px | Tephra volume<br>(km<sup>3</sup>)<ref name="CIV" />
! class="unsortable"| Comment
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">2000</span> {{dts|February 26, 2000}}
| align="center"| -
! style="background-color: #FC0;" | 3 
| align="center"| 0.19
| align="center"| 0.01
| Eruption ended {{dts|March 8, 2000}}<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1991</span> {{dts|January 17, 1991}}
| align="center"| -
! style="background-color: #FC0;" | 3 
| align="center"| 0.15
| align="center"| 0.02
| Eruption ended {{dts|March 11, 1991}}<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1981</span> {{dts|April 9, 1981}}
| align="center"| -
! style="background-color: #FD0;" | 2 
| align="center"| 0.03<ref name="Sonnentag2024" >{{cite thesis|url =https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/46291/1/msthesis_kths.pdf|title =Mass eruption rates in the explosive phase of the last five Hekla eruptions, comparison between observations and models|last1 =Sonnentag|first1 =Kristín Þorsteinsdóttir|year=2024|publisher =Faculty of Earth Science, University of Iceland|access-date =1 July 2024}}</ref>
| align="center"| -
| Eruption ended {{dts|April 16, 1981}}<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1980</span> {{dts|August 17, 1980}}
| align="center"| -
! style="background-color: #FC0;" | 3 
| align="center"| 0.12<ref name="Sonnentag2024" /> <!--smaller than 0.15 of 2019 source so preferred ---->
| align="center"| 0.06
| Eruption ended {{dts|August 20, 1980}}<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1970</span> {{dts|May 5, 1970}}
| align="center"| 
! style="background-color: #FC0;" | 3 
| align="center"| 0.2
| align="center"| 0.07
| Eruption ended {{dts|July 5, 1970}}<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1947</span> {{dts|March 29, 1947}}
| align="center"| 3
! style="background-color: #F90;" | 4
| align="center"| 0.8
| align="center"| 0.18
| Eruption ended {{dts|April 21, 1948}}<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1913</span> {{dts|April 25, 1913}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1913 }}
! style="background-color: #FD0;" | 2 
| align="center"| 0.05
| align="center"| -
| Eruption ended {{dts|May 18, 1913}}<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1878</span> {{dts|February 27, 1878}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1878 }}
! style="background-color: #FD0;" | 2 
| align="center"| 0.2
| align="center"| -
| Eruption ended April 1878<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1845</span> {{dts|September 2, 1845}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1854 }}
! style="background-color: #F90;" | 4 
| align="center"| 0.63
| align="center"| 0.23
| Eruption ended about {{dts|April 5, 1846}}<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1776</span> {{dts|April 5, 1776}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1776 }}
! style="background-color: #F90;" | 4
| align="center"| 1.3
| align="center"| 0.4
| Eruption ended in May 1768.<ref name="GVPHEH" /> Tephra composition is rhyolite to dacite (Icelandite).<ref name="Harning2024" >{{cite journal|last1 =Harning|first1 =D.J.|last2 =Florian|first2 =C.R.|last3 =Geirsdóttir|first3 =Á.|last4 =Thordarson|first4 =T.|last5 =Miller|first5 = G.H.|last6 =Axford|first6 =Y.|last7 =Ólafsdóttir|first7 =S.|year =2024|title =High-resolution Holocene record from Torfdalsvatn, north Iceland, reveals natural and anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial and aquatic environments|journal =Climate of the Past Discussions|pages =1-41|doi =10.5194/cp-2024-26|doi-access =free}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1725</span> {{dts|April 2, 1725}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1725 }}
! style="background-color: #FE0;" | 1 
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1693</span> {{dts|February 13, 1693}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1693 }}
! style="background-color: #F90;" | 4 
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| 0.3
| Eruption ended about {{dts|September 14, 1693}}<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1636</span> {{dts|May 8, 1636}}
|  align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1636 }}
! style="background-color: #FC0;" | 3 
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| 0.18
| Eruption ended in June 1637<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1597</span> {{dts|January 3, 1597}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1597 }}
! style="background-color: #F90;" | 4 
| align="center"| 
| align="center"| 0.29
| Eruption ended in or after June 1597<ref name="GVPHEH" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1554</span> {{dts|May 1554}}
|  align="center"|{{ #expr: 1950-1554 }}
! style="background-color: #FD0;" | 2 
| align="center"| 0.1
| align="center"| -
| Eruption ended about June 1554
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1510</span>{{dts|July 25, 1510}}
| align="center"|{{ #expr: 1950-1510 }}
! style="background-color: #F90;" | 4 
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| 0.32
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1389</span> {{dts|December, 1389}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1389 }}
! style="background-color: #FC0;" | 3 
| align="center"| 0.2
| align="center"| 0.15
| Eruption ended in 1390
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1341</span> {{dts|May 19, 1341}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1341 }}
! style="background-color: #FC0;" | 3 
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| 0.18
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1300</span> {{dts|July 11, 1300}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1300 }}
! style="background-color: #F90;" | 4 
| align="center"| 0.5
| align="center"| 0.5
| Eruption ended in July 1301. Tephra composition is rhyolite to dacite (Icelandite).<ref name="Harning2024" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1222</span> {{dts|1222}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1222 }}
! style="background-color: #F90;" | 2 
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| 0.04
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1206</span> {{dts|December 4, 1206}}
|  align="center"|{{ #expr: 1950-1206 }}
! style="background-color: #FC0;" | 3
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| 0.4
| Dated using historical records.
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1158</span> {{dts|January 19, 1158}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1158 }}
! style="background-color: #F90;" | 4
| align="center"| 0.1
| align="center"| 0.33
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1104</span> {{dts|October 15, 1104}}
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1104 }}
! style="background-color: #F60;" | 5 
| align="center"| 0
| align="center"| 2.0
| H 1 tephra, composition is rhyolite.<ref name="Harning2024" />  Erupted within 45 days of date.
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">1050</span> {{dts|1050}} ± 500
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-1050 }} ± 500
| align="center"| - 
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">781</span> {{dts|781}} ± 2
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-781 }} ± 2
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
|Greenland ice core<ref name ="Gabriel2024" >{{cite journal|last1 =Gabriel|first1 =I.|last2 =Plunkett|first2 =G.|last3 =Abbott|first3 =P.M.|last4 =Behrens|first4 =M.|last5 =Burke|first5 =A.|last6 =Chellman|first6 = N.|last7 =Cook|first7 =E.|last8 =Fleitmann|first8 =D.|last9 =Hörhold|first9 =M.|last10 =Hutchison|first10 =W.|last11 =McConnell|first11 =J.R.|year =2024|title =Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period|journal =Communications Earth & Environment|volume =5|issue =1|pages =194|doi =10.1038/s43247-024-01350-6|bibcode =2024ComEE...5..194G|doi-access =free|hdl =10023/29795|hdl-access =free}}</ref> 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">753</span> {{dts|753}} ± 2
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-753 }} ± 2
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
|Greenland ice core<ref name ="Gabriel2024" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">650</span>{{dts|650}} ± 500
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-650 }} ± 500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">550</span> {{dts|550}} ± 1500
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-550 }} ± 1500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">350</span> {{dts|350}} ± 500
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-350 }} ± 500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">250</span> {{dts|250}} ± 1500
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950-250 }} ± 1500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-150</span> {{dts|150}} ± 2500 BCE 
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+150 }} ± 2500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-250</span> {{dts|250}} ± 500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+250 }} ± 500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-650</span> {{dts|650}} ± 2500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+650 }} ± 2500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-750</span> {{dts|750}} ± 500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+750 }} ± 500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-850</span> {{dts|850}} ± 80 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+850 }} ± 80
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
|  H C dacite (Icelandite) tephra.<ref name="Harning2024" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">{{ #expr: 1950-3013}}</span> {{dts|{{ #expr: 3013-1950}}}} ± 140 BCE  
| align="center"| 3013 ± 140
! style="background-color: #F60;" | 5
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| 10
| H 3 dacite, rhyolite tephra.<ref name="Harning2024" /> Cal. BP<ref name="Davis2024" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-1150</span> {{dts|1150}} ± 1500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+1150 }} ± 1500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-1250</span> {{dts|1250}} ± 1500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+1250 }} ± 1500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-1350</span> {{dts|1350}} ± 2500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+1350 }} ± 2500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-1550</span> {{dts|1550}} BCE
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+1550 }}
! style="background-color: #F90;" | 4 
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-1650</span> {{dts|1650}} ± 2500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+1650 }} ± 2500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-1750</span> {{dts|1750}} ± 500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+1750 }} ± 500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-1850</span> {{dts|1850}} ± 2500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+1850 }} ± 2500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| 2.0
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">{{ #expr: 1950-4325 }}</span> {{dts|{{ #expr: 4325-1950 }}}} ± 8 BCE  
| align="center"| 4325 ± 8
! style="background-color: #F60;" | 5 
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| 10.0
| H 4 rhyolite tephra.<ref name="Harning2024" />Ice core age used.<ref name="Davis2024" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-2335</span> {{dts|2335}} ± 180 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+2335 }} ± 180
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| H 4270 alkali basalt tephra.<ref name="Harning2024" /> Age corrected for H4 ice core age to maintain mean 10 year separation.<ref name="Davis2024" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-2450</span> {{dts|2450}} ± 1500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+2450 }} ± 1500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-2750</span> {{dts|2750}} ± 2500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+2750 }} ± 2500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-2950</span> {{dts|2950}} ± 500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+2950 }} ± 500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-3350</span> {{dts|3350}} ± 2500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+3350 }} ± 2500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-3450</span> {{dts|3450}} ± 1500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+3450 }} ± 1500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-3750</span> {{dts|3750}} ± 1500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+3750 }} ± 1500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-3950</span> {{dts|3950}} ± 500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+3950 }} ± 500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-4050</span> {{dts|4050}} ± 500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+4050 }} ± 500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-4110</span> {{dts|4110}} ± 100 BCE
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+4110 }} ± 100
! style="background-color: #F60;" | 5 
| align="center"| 0
| align="center"| 1
|
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-4150</span> {{dts|4150}} ± 2500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+4150 }} ± 2500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-4250</span> {{dts|4250}} ± 500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+4250 }} ± 500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-4650</span> {{dts|4650}} ± 500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+4650 }} ± 500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-4700</span> {{dts|4700}} BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+4700 }} 
! style="background-color: #F90;" | 4 
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| Date only constrained by before and after eruptions
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-4750</span> {{dts|4750}} ± 2500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+4750 }} ± 2500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-4950</span> {{dts|4950}} ± 2500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+4950 }} ± 2500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| 
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-5050</span> {{dts|5050}} BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+5050 }}
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| Date only constrained by before and after eruptions
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">{{ #expr: 1950-7053 }}</span> {{dts|{{ #expr: 7053-1950 }}}} ± 260 BCE  
| align="center"| 7053 ± 260
! style="background-color: #F60;" | 5 
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| 3
| H 5 basaltic to rhyolite tephra. Cal BP age used.<ref name="Davis2024" />
|-
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">-5850</span> {{dts|5850}}  ± 2500 BCE  
| align="center"| {{ #expr: 1950+5850 }} ± 2500
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
|
|- 
| align="center"|<span style="display:none">{{ #expr: 1950-10550 }}</span> {{dts|{{ #expr: 10550-1950 }}}}  ± 150 BCE  
| align="center"| 10550 ± 150
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
| align="center"| -
|H 10550 alkali basalt tephra.<ref name="Harning2024" />
|}