Editing Hedonism (section)

=== Non-hedonism and asceticism ===
Non-hedonist theories reject certain aspects of hedonism. One form of non-hedonism says that pleasure is one thing in life that matters but not the only thing. Another form argues that some pleasures are good while others are bad. The strongest rejection of hedonism, sometimes termed ''anti-hedonism'', claims that all pleasures are bad. Motivations to adopt this view include the idea that pleasure is an irrational emotion and that the pursuit of pleasure is an obstacle that prevents people from leading a good life.<ref>{{multiref | {{harvnb|Aufderheide|2020|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=F5jIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 57]}} | {{harvnb|Vogt|2018|pp=[https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004379503/BP000015.xml 94, 102–107]}} | {{harvnb|Fletcher|2018|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RftdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 24]}} }}</ref>

[[Asceticism]] is a lifestyle dedicated to a program of [[self-discipline]] that renounces worldly pleasures. It can take various forms, including [[abstinence]] from sex and drugs, [[fasting]], withdrawal from society, and practices like [[prayer]] and [[meditation]]. This lifestyle is often motivated by religious aspirations to become close to the divine, reach a heightened spiritual state, or purify oneself.<ref>{{multiref | {{harvnb|Quinn|1998}} | {{harvnb|Kaelber|1987|loc=Lead section, § Forms and Objectives of Asceticism}} }}</ref> Most forms of asceticism are opposed to hedonism and its pursuit of pleasure. However, there are forms of ascetic hedonism that combine the two views, for example, by asserting that the right form of ascetic practice leads to higher overall happiness by replacing simple sensory pleasures with deeper and more meaningful spiritual pleasures.<ref>{{multiref | {{harvnb|Goodman|1999|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=t4kqRyeoGOQC&pg=PA60 60–61]}} | {{harvnb|Garg|2006|p=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23340936 161]}} | {{harvnb|Framarin|2018|pp=489–490}} }}</ref>