Editing Hazaragi dialect (section)

=== Tenses ===
The tense, mood, and aspect system is typically quite different from Western Persian. The basic tense system is threefold: present-future, past, and remote (pluperfect). New modal paradigms developed in addition to the subjunctives:

* The non-seen/mirative that originates in the resultative-stative perfect (e.g., ''zad-ēm''; cf. Persian {{Transliteration|fa|''zada(e) am''}}), which has largely lost its non-modal use;
* the potential, or assumptive, which is marked by the invariant ''ḵot'' (cf. Persian ''xāh-ad'' or ''xād'', "it wants, intends") combined with the indicate and subjunctive forms.

Moreover, all past and remote forms have developed imperfective forms marked by ''mi-''. There are doubts about several of the less commonly found, or recorded, forms, in particular those with ''ḵot''.<ref>G. K. Dulling, The Hazaragi Dialect of Afghan Persian: A Preliminary Study, Central Asian Monograph 1, London, 1973. pp. 35–36</ref> However, the systematic arrangement of all forms according to their morphological, as well as semantic, function shows that those forms fit well within the overall pattern. The system may tentatively be shown as follows (all forms are 1st sing), leaving out complex compound forms such as ''zada ḵot mu-buda baš-um''.<ref name=":0" />

In the assumptive, the distinction appears to be not between present versus past, but indefinite versus definite. Also, similar to all Persian varieties, the imperfective forms in ''mi-'', and past perfect forms, such as ''mi-zad-um'' and ''zada bud-um'', are used in irreal conditional clauses and wishes; e.g., ''kaški zimi qulba kadagi mu-but'', "If the field would only be/have been plowed!" Modal verbs, such as ''tan-'' ("can"), are constructed with the perfect participle; e.g., ''ma bû-r-um, da čaman rasid-a ḵot tanist-um'', "I shall go, and may be able to get to Čaman". Participial nominalization is typical, both with the perfect participle (e.g., ''kad-a'', "(having) done") and with the derived participle with passive meaning ''kad-ag-i'', "having been done" (e.g., ''zimin-i qulba kada-ya'', "The field is ploughed"; ''zamin-i qulba (na-)šuda-ra mi-ngar-um'', "I am looking at a plowed/unplowed field"; ''imrûz [u ḵondagi] tikrar mu-kun-a'', "Today he repeats (reading) what he had read"). The gerundive (e.g., ''kad-an-i'', "to be done") is likewise productive, as in ''yag čiz, ki uftadani baš-a, ma u-ra qad-dist-ḵu girift-um, tulḡa kad-um'', "One object, that was about to fall, I grabbed, and held it". The clitic ''-ku'' or ''-ḵu'' topicalizes parts of speech, ''-di'' the predicate; as in ''i-yši raft, ma-ḵu da ḵona mand-um'', "He himself left; I, though, I stayed".<ref name=":0" />