Editing Hassium (section)

=== Physical and atomic ===

The previous members of group{{spaces}}8 have high melting points: Fe, 1538°C; [[ruthenium|Ru]], 2334°C; Os, 3033°C. Like them, hassium is predicted to be a solid at room temperature<ref name="Oestlin" /> though its melting point has not been precisely calculated. Hassium should crystallize in the [[hexagonal close-packed]] structure ({{sup|''c''}}/{{sub|''a''}}{{spaces}}={{spaces}}1.59),<ref name="Oestlin" /> similarly to its lighter [[congener (chemistry)|congener]] osmium.<ref name="Oestlin" /> Pure metallic hassium is calculated<ref name="Oestlin" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grossman |first1=J. C. |last2=Mizel |first2=A. |last3=Côté |first3=M. |last4=Cohen |first4=M. L. |last5=Louie |first5=S. G. |date=1999 |title=Transition metals and their carbides and nitrides: Trends in electronic and structural properties |journal=Phys. Rev. B |volume=60 |issue=9 |page=6344 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.60.6343 |bibcode=1999PhRvB..60.6343G |s2cid=18736376 |display-authors=3 }}</ref> to have a [[bulk modulus]] (resistance to uniform compression) of 450{{spaces}}[[pascal (unit)|GPa]], comparable with that of [[diamond]], 442{{spaces}}GPa.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cohen|first1=M. |journal=[[Physical Review B]] |volume=32|issue=12|pages=7988–7991|date=1985 |title=Calculation of bulk moduli of diamond and zinc-blende solids|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.32.7988|pmid=9936971|bibcode=1985PhRvB..32.7988C}}</ref> Hassium is expected to be one of the densest of the 118 known elements, with a predicted density of 27–29&nbsp;g/cm{{sup|3}} vs. the 22.59&nbsp;g/cm{{sup|3}} measured for osmium.<ref name="density" /><ref name="kratz" />

Hassium's atomic radius is expected to be ≈126{{spaces}}pm.{{sfn|Hoffman|Lee|Pershina|2006|p=1691}} Due to relativistic stabilization of the 7s orbital and destabilization of the 6d orbital, the Hs{{sup|+}} ion is predicted to have an electron configuration of &#91;[[radon|Rn]]&#93;{{spaces}}5f{{sup|14}}{{spaces}}6d{{sup|5}}{{spaces}}7s{{sup|2}}, giving up a 6d electron instead of a 7s electron, which is the opposite of the behaviour of its lighter homologues. The Hs{{sup|2+}} ion is expected to have electron configuration [Rn]{{spaces}}5f{{sup|14}}{{spaces}}6d{{sup|5}}{{spaces}}7s{{sup|1}}, analogous to that calculated for the Os{{sup|2+}} ion.{{sfn|Hoffman|Lee|Pershina|2006|p=1672}} In [[chemical compound]]s, hassium is calculated to display bonding characteristic for a [[d-block]] element, whose bonding will be primarily executed by 6d{{sub|3/2}} and 6d{{sub|5/2}} orbitals; compared to the elements from the previous periods, 7s, 6p{{sub|1/2}}, 6p{{sub|3/2}}, and 7p{{sub|1/2}} orbitals should be more important.{{sfn|Hoffman|Lee|Pershina|2006|p=1677}}