Editing Haakon VII (section)

===The German invasion===
{{main|Operation Weserübung}}
[[Operation Weserübung|Norway was invaded]] by the naval and air forces of [[Nazi Germany]] during the early hours of 9 April 1940. The German naval detachment sent to capture [[Oslo]] was [[Battle of Drøbak Sound|opposed by Oscarsborg Fortress]]. The fortress fired at the invaders, sinking the [[heavy cruiser]] ''[[German cruiser Blücher|Blücher]]'' and damaging the heavy cruiser ''[[German cruiser Deutschland|Lützow]]'', with heavy German losses that included many soldiers, [[Gestapo]] agents, and administrative personnel who were to have occupied the Norwegian capital. This led to the withdrawal of the rest of the German flotilla, preventing the invaders' planned dawn occupation of Oslo. The Germans' delay in occupying Oslo, along with swift action by the [[president of the Storting]], [[C. J. Hambro]], created the opportunity for the [[Norwegian royal family|royal family]], the cabinet, and most of the 150 members of the Storting (parliament) to make a hasty departure from the capital by special train.

The Storting first convened at [[Hamar]] the same afternoon, but with the rapid advance of German troops, the group moved on to [[Elverum]]. The assembled Storting unanimously enacted a resolution, the so-called [[Elverum Authorization]], granting the cabinet full powers to protect the country until such time as the Storting could meet again.

The next day, [[Curt Bräuer]], the German Ambassador to Norway, demanded a meeting with Haakon. The German diplomat called on Haakon to accept [[Adolf Hitler]]'s demands to end all resistance and appoint [[Vidkun Quisling]] as prime minister. Quisling, the leader of Norway's fascist party, the [[Nasjonal Samling]], had declared himself prime minister hours earlier in Oslo as head of what would be a German [[puppet government]]; had Haakon formally appointed him, it would effectively have given legal sanction to the invasion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|title=Breivik, Quisling and the Norwegian spirit|website=CBC|access-date=13 April 2021|quote=When the Germans demanded that the Norwegian king, Haakon VII, surrender and appoint Quisling as head of a puppet government, the king refused, even after the Nazis threatened to send all Norwegian men of military age to concentration camps.|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411001308/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|url-status=live}}</ref> Bräuer suggested that Haakon follow the example of the Danish government and his brother, [[Christian X]], which had surrendered almost immediately after the previous day's invasion, and threatened Norway with harsh reprisals if it did not surrender. Haakon told Bräuer that he could not make the decision himself, but could only act on the advice of the Government.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

In a meeting in [[Nybergsund]], the King reported the German ultimatum to the cabinet sitting as a council of state. Haakon told the cabinet:
<blockquote>
I am deeply affected by the responsibility laid on me if the German demand is rejected. The responsibility for the calamities that will befall people and country is indeed so grave that I dread to take it. It rests with the government to decide, but my position is clear.

For my part I cannot accept the German demands. It would conflict with all that I have considered to be my duty as King of Norway since I came to this country nearly thirty-five years ago.<ref>The account and quotation were recorded by one of the cabinet members and were recounted in William L. Shirer's ''The Challenge of Scandinavia''.{{page needed|date=May 2017}}</ref>
</blockquote>

Haakon went on to say that he could not appoint Quisling as prime minister, since he knew neither the people nor the Storting had confidence in him. However, if the cabinet felt otherwise, the King said he would abdicate so as not to stand in the way of the Government's decision.

[[Nils Hjelmtveit]], Minister of Church and Education, later wrote:
<blockquote>
This made a great impression on us all.  More clearly than ever before, we could see the man behind the words; the king who had drawn a line for himself and his task, a line from which he could not deviate.  We had through the five years [in government] learned to respect and appreciate our king, and now, through his words, he came to us as a great man, just and forceful; a leader in these fatal times to our country.<ref>{{cite book|first=Geirr H.|last=Haarr|title=The German Invasion of Norway|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, UK|year=2009|isbn=978-1848320321}}{{page needed|date=May 2017}}</ref>
</blockquote>

Inspired by Haakon's stand, the government unanimously advised him not to appoint any government headed by Quisling.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|title=Breivik, Quisling and the Norwegian spirit|website=CBC|access-date=13 April 2021|quote=His cabinet and the Storting, the Norwegian parliament, supported the king.|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411001308/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|url-status=live}}</ref> Within hours, it telephoned its refusal to Bräuer. That night, [[NRK]] broadcast the government's rejection of the German demands to the Norwegian people. In that same broadcast, the government announced that it would resist the German invasion as long as possible, and expressed their confidence that Norwegians would lend their support to the cause.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

After Norway was eventually conquered, Quisling "transformed [the country] into a one-party fascist state and recruited 6,000 Norwegians to fight alongside the Germans on the Russian front".<ref name=cbc/> A very small percentage of the population supported Quisling and many joined the [[Norwegian resistance movement]]. After the war, Quisling was convicted of treason and executed.<ref name=cbc>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|title=Breivik, Quisling and the Norwegian spirit|website=CBC|access-date=13 April 2021|quote=But Quisling supporters were only a tiny minority: two per cent of the population. Norwegians showed their opposition to the occupiers in many ways. active resistance continued with widespread sabotage.|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411001308/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|url-status=live}}</ref>