Editing Gujarat (section)

=== Post-independence ===
[[File:Bombay 1956-1960.svg|thumb|300px|Gujarat in Bombay state]]
[[File:Gujarat-High-Court.jpg|thumb|[[Gujarat High Court]] in Ahmedabad]]
[[File:Gandhinagar Capital Railway Station.jpg|thumb|[[Gandhinagar Capital railway station]]]]

Initially there was confusion over whether Junagadh would join India or Pakistan. This was resolved in 1947 with a [[plebiscite]] for full union with India following the next year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/five-states-that-refused-to-join-india-after-independence/ |title=Five states that refused to join India after Independence |date=August 2017 |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113171155/https://indianexpress.com/article/research/five-states-that-refused-to-join-india-after-independence/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

After [[Independence of India|Indian independence]] and the [[partition of India]] in 1947, the new Indian government grouped the former princely states of Gujarat into three larger units; [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], which included the former princely states on the [[Kathiawad]] peninsula, [[Kutch]], and [[Bombay state]], which included the former British districts of Bombay Presidency together with most of [[Baroda State]] and the other former princely states of eastern Gujarat. Bombay state was enlarged to include Kutch, Saurashtra (Kathiawar) and parts of [[Hyderabad state]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] in central India. The new state had a mostly Gujarati-speaking north and a Marathi-speaking south. Agitation by Gujarati nationalists, the [[Mahagujarat Movement]], and Marathi nationalists, the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti|Samyukta Maharashtra]], for their own states led to the split of [[Bombay state]] on linguistic lines; on 1 May 1960, it became the new states of Gujarat and [[Maharashtra]]. In [[1969 Gujarat riots|1969 riots]], at least 660 died and properties worth millions were destroyed.<ref name="Yasmeen2007">{{Cite book |last=Peer |first=Yasmeen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0J4T6Rt-90C&pg=PA103 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528094126/http://books.google.com/books?id=y0J4T6Rt-90C&pg=PA103 |url-status=dead |title=Communal Violence in Gujarat: Rethinking the Role of Communalism and Institutionalised Injustices in India |year=2007 |isbn=9780549517535 |pages=103–104 |access-date=6 February 2013 |archive-date=28 May 2013 }}</ref><ref name="LaurentChris2012">{{Cite book |last1=Gayer |first1=Lauren |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EpGLmAEACAAJ&pg=PA53 |title=Muslims in Indian Cities: Trajectories of Marginalisation |last2=Jaffrelot |first2=Christophe |date=30 May 2012 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780231703086 |pages=53–60 }}</ref>

The first capital of Gujarat was [[Ahmedabad]]. The capital of Gujarat was moved to [[Gandhinagar]] in 1970. ''[[Nav Nirman]] Andolan'' was a socio-political movement of 1974. It was a students' and [[middle class]] people's movement against economic crisis and corruption in public life. This was the first and last successful agitation after the Independence of India that ousted an elected government.<ref name="it">{{Cite magazine |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |date=20 December 2007 |title=Pulse of the people |magazine=India Today |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Pulse+of+the+people/1/2727.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917002911/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Pulse+of+the+people/1/2727.html |archive-date=17 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="avk">{{Cite book |last=Krishna |first=Ananth V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8v7Vr2iQUHkC&pg=PA120 |title=India Since Independence: Making Sense Of Indian Politics |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-317-3465-0 |page=117 |access-date=19 October 2015 }}</ref><ref name="bs">{{Cite news |last=Dhar |first=P. N. |year=2000 |title=Excerpted from 'Indira Gandhi, the "emergency", and Indian democracy' published in ''Business Standard'' |work=Business Standard India |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://business-standard.com/india/news/the-nav-nirman-movement/80363/ |access-date=23 November 2012 |isbn=978-0-19-564899-7 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809043300/https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/the-nav-nirman-movement-100021901024_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gujarat has emerged as an important industrial hub in India. In Western India [[Surat]] was among the strongest industrial clusters in the 1970s. Between 1971 and 1981 [[diamond cutting]] was established as industry in Surat. At the same time the production of [[artificial silk]] and a substantial [[petrochemical industry]] became a fixture in Surat.<ref>{{Cite book|title= Dispossession and Resistance in India: The River and the Rage | author1= Alf Gunvald Nilsen  |publisher=  Taylor & Francis |year=2010 |isbn=9781136994326 | pages=24}}</ref>

The [[Morvi dam failure]], in 1979, resulted in the death of thousands of people and large economic loss.<ref name="expi">{{Cite news |date=25 July 2012 |title=Book on 1979 Morbi dam disaster rubbishes 'Act of God' theory |publisher=The Indian Express |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/book-on-1979-morbi-dam-disaster-rubbishes-act-of-god-theory/979087/0 |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617040543/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/book-on-1979-morbi-dam-disaster-rubbishes-act-of-god-theory/979087/0 |archive-date=17 June 2013}}</ref> In the 1980s, a [[Reservation in India|reservation policy]] was introduced in the country, which led to anti-reservation protests in 1981 and 1985. The protests witnessed violent clashes between people belonging to various [[Indian caste system|castes]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yagnik |first=Achyut |date=May 2002 |title=The pathology of Gujarat |url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2002/513/513%20achyut%20yagnik.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060322112252/http://www.india-seminar.com/2002/513/513%20achyut%20yagnik.htm |archive-date=22 March 2006 |access-date=10 May 2006 |publisher=Seminar Publications |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

The [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]] was located about 9&nbsp;km south-southwest of the village of [[Chobari]] in the [[Bhachau]] taluka of [[Kutch]] District. This magnitude 7.7 shock killed around 20,000 people (including at least 18 in South-eastern Pakistan), injured another 167,000 and destroyed nearly 400,000 homes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic Earthquakes |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/2001/2001_01_26.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101003339/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/2001/2001_01_26.php |archive-date=1 November 2014 |access-date=20 December 2014 |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref>

In February 2002, the [[Godhra train burning]] led to statewide [[2002 Gujarat violence|riots]], resulting in the deaths of 1,044 people – 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus, and hundreds missing still unaccounted for.<ref name="Riots toll">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4536199.stm BBC News. 11 May 2005] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226131020/http://news.indiainfo.com/2005/05/11/1105godhra-rs.html |date=26 February 2009}}, These figures were reported to the Rajya Sabha by the Union Minister of State for Home Affairs Sriprakash Jaiswal in May 2005</ref> The [[Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)|Swaminarayan Akshardham in Gandhinagar]] was [[Akshardham Temple attack|attacked]] by two terrorists in September 2002, killing 32 people and injuring more than 80 others. [[National Security Guard]]s intervened to end the siege killing both terrorists.<ref name="akshar">{{Cite news |last=Dasgupta, Manas |date=1 June 2010 |title=Death sentence for Akshardham temple attack convicts upheld |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/death-sentence-for-akshardham-temple-attack-convicts-upheld/article443455.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203214449/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/death-sentence-for-akshardham-temple-attack-convicts-upheld/article443455.ece |archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> On 26 July 2008 a [[2008 Ahmedabad serial blasts|series of seventeen bomb blasts]] rocked Ahmedabad, killing and injuring several people.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2008 |title=17 bomb blasts rock Ahmedabad, 15 dead |publisher=CNN-IBN |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628002847/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/index.html |archive-date=28 June 2008}}</ref>