Editing Groningen (section)

==Culture==
Groningen is nationally known as the "Metropolis of the North".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mah |first1=Kenny |title=Dutch haven: A day in Groningen |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/life/2018/09/30/dutch-haven-a-day-in-groningen1/1677720 |access-date=8 August 2020 |work=Malay Mail |date=30 September 2018}}</ref> The city is regarded as the main urban centre of the Northern part of the country, particularly in the fields of education, business,<ref name="KaynakUysal2012">{{cite book |author1=Erdener Kaynak |author2=Muzaffer Uysal |title=Global Tourist Behavior |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJUt5PJNs-gC&pg=PA16 |date=12 November 2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-58641-5 |page=16}}</ref> music and other arts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Culture |url=https://www.groningenlife.nl/en/culture#:~:text=There's%20a%20reason%20Groningen%20is,has%20a%20great%20historical%20atmosphere. |publisher=GroningenLife! |access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref> It is also known as "''Martinistad''", referring to the tower of the ''[[Martinitoren]]'',<ref name="HagueJenkins2005" /> which is named after Groningen's [[patron saint]] [[Martin of Tours]].<ref name="DrijversMacDonald1995">{{cite book |author1=Hendrik Jan Willem Drijvers |author2=Alasdair A. MacDonald |title=Centres of Learning: Learning and Location in Pre-Modern Europe and the Near East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3_J7rbzsVeMC&pg=PA326 |year=1995 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-10193-4 |page=326}}</ref> The large student population also contributes to the very diverse cultural scene for a city of its size.<ref name="HagueJenkins2005" />

Since 2016 Groningen has been host of the [[International Cycling Film Festival]], an annual film festival for bicycle related films. It takes place in the art house cinema of the old Roman Catholic Hospital.<ref>{{cite news |title=What, where, when: New tips for Groningen and Leeuwarden |url=https://northerntimes.nl/what-where-when-new-tips-for-groningen-and-leeuwarden/ |access-date=8 August 2020 |work=The Northern Times |publisher=Persbureau Tammeling BV |date=31 May 2019}}</ref>

The first major international chess tournament after World War II was held in Groningen in 1946. The tournament, won by [[Mikhail Botvinnik]] of the USSR, was the first time the Soviet Union had sent a team to a foreign event. An international chess "Schaakfestival Groningen tournament" has been held in the city in most years since 1946.<ref name="Groningen (1946)">{{cite web |author=<!--User: number 23 Nber  --> |url=https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chess.pl?tid=79918 |title=Groningen (1946) |work=chessgames.com |date=2021-01-01 |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>

===Museums===
[[File:Groninger Museum 2.jpg|left|thumb|[[Groninger Museum]] (2006)]]
[[File:Groninger_Forum.jpg|right|thumb|Forum Groningen]]
Groningen is home to the [[Groninger Museum]].<ref name="Vries2010">{{cite book |author=Marietta de Vries |title=Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c1-r9WXOUggC&pg=PA278 |year=2010 |publisher=010 Publishers |isbn=978-90-6450-708-3 |page=278}}</ref> Its new building designed by [[Alessandro Mendini]] in 1994 echoes the Italian post-modern concepts and is notable for its futuristic and colourful style.<ref name="Maidment2000">{{cite book |author=Fred Maidment |title=International Business: 01/02 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UajkWiB4j1sC |date=November 2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill/Dushkin |isbn=978-0-07-243344-9 |page=201}}</ref><ref name="Ashworth2017" /> The city has a [[maritime museum]], a [[university museum]], a comics museum and a graphics museum.<ref>{{cite book |title=The north and the Frisian Islands Rough Guides Snapshot Netherlands (includes Leeuwarden, Harlingen, Hindeloopen, Makkum, Sneek and Groningen) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrfiqM00FIwC&pg=PT31 |date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Rough Guides Limited |isbn=978-1-4093-3543-6 |pages=29–36}}</ref> Groningen is also the home of [[Noorderlicht]], an international photographic platform that runs a photo gallery and organizes an international photo festival.<ref name="Karatzogianni2013">{{cite book |author=Athina Karatzogianni |title=Violence and War in Culture and the Media: Five Disciplinary Lenses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5K_t15wRTNEC&pg=PA75 |date=17 June 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-50021-3 |page=75}}</ref> The [[Forum Groningen]] that opened in 2019 is a cultural center consisting of a museum, art cinema, library, bars, rooftop terrace and tourist information office.<ref name="Guides2019">{{cite book |author=Rough Guides |title=The Rough Guide to the Netherlands (Travel Guide eBook) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0OWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT355 |date=1 March 2019 |publisher=Apa Publications (UK) Limited |isbn=978-1-78919-527-9 |page=355}}</ref>

===Theatre and music===
[[File:Stadsschouwburg Groningen - links.jpg|right|thumb|Theatre building Groningen]]
Groningen has a city theatre called the Stadsschouwburg, located on the Turfsingel,<ref name="ToonderHoven2012">{{cite book |author1=Jeanette M. L. den Toonder |author2=Bettina van Hoven |title=Re-exploring Canadian Space |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQDhNRLWggQC&pg=PR13 |year=2012 |publisher=Barkhuis |isbn=978-94-91431-05-0 |page=13}}</ref> a theatre and concert venue called Martini Plaza,<ref name="Gazaleh-WeeversAgudo2007">{{cite book |author1=Gazaleh-Weevers |first=Sheila |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eWgeTv6runIC&pg=PA261 |title=Here's Holland |author2=Shirley Agudo |author3=Connie Moser |date=June 2007 |publisher=Eburon Uitgeverij B.V. |isbn=978-90-5972-141-8 |page=261}}</ref> and a cultural venue on the Trompsingel, called the Oosterpoort.<ref name="ToynbeeDueck2011">{{cite book |author1=Jason Toynbee |author2=Byron Dueck |title=Migrating Music |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2A3JBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT371 |date=31 March 2011 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-90093-8 |page=371}}</ref> Vera is located on the Oosterstraat,<ref>{{cite book |title=Living Blues |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hxraAAAAMAAJ |edition=42-44 |year=1979 |publisher=Living Blues Publications |page=16}}</ref> the Grand Theatre on the Grote Markt,<ref name="MeerTilman2005">{{cite book |author1=Karelse Van der Meer |author2=Harm Tilman |author3=De Zwarte Hond |author4=Raimond Wouda |title=Dutch Realist |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogZQAAAAMAAJ |year=2005 |publisher=NAi Publishers |isbn=978-90-5662-405-7 |page=187}}</ref> and Simplon on the [[Boterdiep]].<ref name="DunfordHolland2000">{{cite book |author1=Martin Dunford |author2=Jack Holland |author3=Phil Lee |title=The Rough Guide to Holland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vwSWOWmCBhUC |year=2000 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-85828-541-2 |page=256}}</ref> Several cafés feature live music, a few of which specialize in jazz music, including the ''Jazzcafe De Spieghel'' on the Peperstraat.<ref name="DunfordHolland1997">{{cite book |author1=Martin Dunford |author2=Jack Holland |author3=Phil Lee |title=Holland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cxy8OHEtQjAC |year=1997 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-85828-229-9 |page=230}}</ref> Groningen is the host city for [[Eurosonic Noorderslag]], an annual music showcase event for bands from across Europe.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=About Eurosonic Noorderslag |url=http://www.eurosonic-noorderslag.nl/en/info/about/ |website=Eurosonic Noorderslag |access-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018042514/http://www.eurosonic-noorderslag.nl/en/info/about/ |archive-date=18 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Nightlife===
Groningen's active nightlife depends largely on its student population, with the Grote Markt, Vismarkt, Poelestraat and Peperstraat crowded nightly, most bars not closing until five in the morning.<ref name="DunfordLee2007" /> From 2005 to 2007, Groningen was named "best city centre" of the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.debestebinnenstad.nl/winnaars/winnaars-2005-2007/grote-binnenstad/ |language=nl |title=Winnaars 2005 – 2007 -- Verkiezing Beste Binnenstad |trans-title=Winners 2005 – 2007 -- Election Best City Centre |publisher=debestebinnenstad.nl |access-date=15 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019072119/http://www.debestebinnenstad.nl/winnaars/winnaars-2005-2007/grote-binnenstad |archive-date=19 October 2012}}</ref> Groningen has a [[red-light district]], called ''Nieuwstad''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wind |first1=Chris |title=Life behind red lights in Groningen |url=https://hanzemag.com/life-behind-red-lights-in-groningen/ |website=HanzeMag |access-date=9 August 2020 |date=13 February 2015}}</ref>

===Sports===
[[File:Groningen_-_Voetbalstadion_Euroborg_in_vogelvlucht.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Euroborg]] football stadium]]
[[File:Donar - Landstede Basketbal (2016).jpg|thumb|right|A [[Donar Groningen|Donar]] basketball game in [[MartiniPlaza]]]] 
[[FC Groningen]], founded in 1971, is the local [[association football|football]] club, and as of 2000 they play in the [[Eredivisie]], the highest football league of the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |title=Standings |url=https://eredivisie.nl/en-us/Standings |website=eredivisie.nl |publisher=Eredivisie |access-date=10 August 2020 |archive-date=25 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425213654/https://eredivisie.nl/en-us/Standings |url-status=dead }}</ref> Winners of the [[KNVB Cup]] in the [[2014–15 KNVB Cup|2014–15 season]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nu.nl/voetbal/4042767/fc-groningen-pakt-eerste-knvb-beker-in-clubhistorie-koste-van-pec.html |title=FC Groningen pakt eerste KNVB-beker in clubhistorie ten koste van PEC – NU – Het laatste nieuws het eerst op NU.nl |language=nl |date=4 May 2015 |work=nu.nl |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> their best Eredivisie result was in the 1990–91 season when they finished third.<ref>{{cite web |title=Netherlands 1990/91 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/ned91.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.}}</ref> Their current stadium which opened in January 2006 has 22,525 seats.<ref>[http://www.imtech.eu/eCache/DEF/1/579.bGFuZz1FTg.html 10 million Euro orders for Olympic Stadium in Berlin and Euroborg Stadium in Groningen] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228184900/http://www.imtech.eu/eCache/DEF/1/579.bGFuZz1FTg.html |date=28 December 2010 }} Imtech, 8 April 2004</ref><ref name="StadiumCapacity">{{cite web |url=https://www.fcgroningen.nl/club/info |title=Club Info – FC Groningen |work=FC Groningen |date=27 October 2008 |language=nl |access-date=28 June 2016}}</ref> It is called the [[Euroborg|Hitachi Capital Mobility Stadion]]; it was known as the "Euroborg stadium" before 2016, and "Noordlease Stadion" from 2016 to 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nu.nl/groningen/5336906/naam-stadion-fc-groningen-gaat-veranderen-in-hitachi-stadion.html |title=Naam stadion FC Groningen gaat veranderen in Hitachi Stadion |date=28 June 2018 |work=NU |access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref>

American sports are fairly popular in Groningen; it has [[American football]], [[baseball]], and [[basketball]] clubs. Groningen's professional basketball club [[Donar (basketball club)|Donar]] play in the highest professional league, the [[Dutch Basketball League]], and have won the national championship seven times.<ref name=jdus>{{Cite web |url=http://j-dus.com/landskampioenen-bekerwinnaars-en-competitiewinnaars/ |title=Landskampioenen, bekerwinnaars en competitiewinnaars |access-date=16 March 2018 |publisher=J-dus.com |language=nl}}</ref> The [[Groningen Giants]] are the American football team of the city who play in the premier league of the [[AFBN]] and are nicknamed as the "Kings of the North".<ref name="Coutinho2018">{{cite book |author=Steven W. Coutinho |title=Breaking Rank: How to lead change when yesterday's stories limit today's choices |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T_BlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA285 |date=24 May 2018 |publisher=Steven Coutinho |pages=285–295 |id=GGKEY:DZLXX5LE9CR}}</ref>

The running event called [[4 Miles of Groningen]] takes place in the city on the second Sunday of October every year with over 23,000 participants.<ref>{{cite web |title=4 Mile of Groningen |url=https://campus.groningen.nl/en/events/4-mile-of-groningen |publisher=Campus Groningen |access-date=10 August 2020 |date=14 October 2018}}</ref> The [[2002 Giro d'Italia]] began in Groningen, including the prologue and the start of the first stage.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Jeff |title=85th Giro d'Italia (GT) |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2002/giro02/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |work=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> The city hosted the start and finish of the fifth stage of the [[2013 Energiewacht Tour]].<ref name=technicalguide>{{cite news |url=http://www.energiewachttour.nl/images/stories/tg-ewt-el.pdf |work=energiewachttour.nl |access-date=2 April 2013 |title=Technical Guide Elite |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905091513/http://www.energiewachttour.nl/images/stories/tg-ewt-el.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Further|Groninger Studenten Rugby Club}}