Editing Greeks (section)

===Names===
{{main|Achaeans (Homer)|Names of the Greeks}}
[[File:Ancient Regions Mainland Greece.png|thumb|right|Map showing the major regions of mainland ancient Greece, and adjacent "barbarian" lands]]

Greeks and Greek-speakers have used different names to refer to themselves collectively. The term {{em|Achaeans}} (Ἀχαιοί) is one of the [[Names of the Greeks|collective names]] for the Greeks in [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'' and ''[[Odyssey]]'' (the Homeric "long-haired Achaeans" would have been a part of the [[Mycenaean civilization]] that dominated Greece from {{circa}} 1600 BC until 1100 BC). The other common names are {{em|Danaans}} (Δαναοί) and {{em|Argives}} (Ἀργεῖοι) while {{em|Panhellenes}} (Πανέλληνες) and {{em|Hellenes}} (Ἕλληνες) both [[hapax legomenon|appear only once]] in the ''Iliad'';<ref>See ''Iliad'', II.2.530 for "Panhellenes" and ''Iliad'' II.2.653 for "Hellenes".</ref> all of these terms were used, synonymously, to denote a common Greek identity.<ref>{{harvnb|Cartledge|2011|loc=Chapter 4: Argos, p. 23: "The Late Bronze Age in Greece is also called conventionally 'Mycenaean', as we saw in the last chapter. But it might in principle have been called 'Argive', 'Achaean', or 'Danaan', since the three names that Homer does apply to Greeks collectively were 'Argives', 'Achaeans', and 'Danaans'."}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Nagy|2014|loc=Texts and Commentaries – Introduction #2: "Panhellenism is the least common denominator of ancient Greek civilization&nbsp;... The impulse of Panhellenism is already at work in Homeric and Hesiodic poetry. In the Iliad, the names "Achaeans" and "Danaans" and "Argives" are used synonymously in the sense of Panhellenes = "all Hellenes" = "all Greeks.""}}</ref> In the historical period, Herodotus identified the [[Achaea (ancient region)|Achaeans]] of the northern [[Peloponnese]] as descendants of the earlier, Homeric Achaeans.<ref>[[Herodotus]]. ''Histories'', 7.94 and 8.73.</ref>

[[Homer]] refers to the "Hellenes" as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic [[Phthia]], with its warriors under the command of [[Achilleus]].<ref>Homer. ''[[Iliad]]'', 2.681–685</ref> The [[Parian Chronicle]] says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks ({{lang|grc|Γραικοί}}).<ref name="Parian-Chronicle">[http://www.ashmolean.org/ash/faqs/q004/q004008.html The Parian Marble, Entry #6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823171940/http://www.ashmolean.org/ash/faqs/q004/q004008.html |date=23 August 2017 }}: "From when Hellen [son of] Deuc[alion] became king of [Phthi]otis and those previously called Graekoi were named Hellenes."</ref> In [[Greek mythology]], [[Hellen]], the patriarch of the Hellenes who ruled around Phthia, was the son of [[Pyrrha]] and [[Deucalion]], the only survivors after the [[flood myth|Great Deluge]].<ref>Pseudo-Apollodorus. ''[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Bibliotheca]]''.</ref> The Greek philosopher [[Aristotle]] names ancient [[Ancient Greece|Hellas]] as an area in [[Epirus]] between [[Dodona]] and the [[Achelous]] river, the location of the Great Deluge of [[Deucalion]], a land occupied by the [[Selloi]] and the "Greeks" who later came to be known as "Hellenes".<ref name=Aristotle>Aristotle. ''Meteorologica'', [http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/meteorology.1.i.html 1.14] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629061102/http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/meteorology.1.i.html |date=29 June 2011 }}: "The deluge in the time of Deucalion, for instance took place chiefly in the Greek world and in it especially about ancient Hellas, the country about Dodona and the Achelous."</ref> In the Homeric tradition, the Selloi were the priests of Dodonian Zeus.<ref>[[Homer]]. ''Iliad'', 16.233–16.235: "King Zeus, lord of Dodona&nbsp;... you who hold wintry Dodona in your sway, where your prophets the Selloi dwell around you."</ref>

In the [[Hesiod]]ic ''[[Catalogue of Women]]'', [[Graecus]] is presented as the son of Zeus and [[Pandora II]], sister of [[Hellen]] the patriarch of the Hellenes.<ref>Hesiod. ''Catalogue of Women'', Fragment 5.</ref> According to the [[Parian Chronicle]], when [[Deucalion]] became king of Phthia, the {{em|Graikoi}} (Γραικοί) were named Hellenes.<ref name="Parian-Chronicle"/> [[Aristotle]] notes in his ''Meteorologica'' that the Hellenes were related to the Graikoi.<ref name=Aristotle/>

====Etymology====
The English names ''Greece'' and ''Greek'' are derived, via the Latin ''{{lang|la|Graecia}}'' and ''{{lang|la|Graecus}}'', from the name of the [[Graecians|Graeci]] ({{lang|grc|Γραικοί}}, {{Lang|grc-Latn|Graikoí}}; <small>singular</small> {{lang|grc|Γραικός}}, {{Lang|grc-Latn|Graikós}}), who were among the first [[List of ancient Greek tribes|ancient Greek tribes]] to settle [[southern Italy]] (the so-called "[[Magna Graecia]]"). The term is possibly derived from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵerh₂-|*ǵerh₂-]]'', "to grow old",<ref>{{cite book |last=Starostin |first=Sergei |year=1998 |url=http://starling.rinet.ru/main.html |title=The Tower of Babel: An Etymological Database Project}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Watkins |first=Calvert |year=2000 |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |location=Boston, New York |isbn=0618082506}}</ref> more specifically from [[Graea]] (ancient city), said by [[Aristotle]] to be the oldest in Greece, and the source of colonists for the [[Naples]] area.<ref>Aristotle, ''[[Meteorologica]]'' I.xiv</ref>