Editing Graphite (section)

=== Other names {{anchor|Plumbago}} ===
[[File:Crane’s Servants Friend series no. 3.jpg|thumb|upright|Advert for Crane's Black Lead, c. 1905]]
Historically, graphite was called '''black lead''' or '''plumbago'''.<ref name=Brit/><ref>{{Cite book
| series = Spons' Workshop Receipts Vol. II: Dyeing to Japanning
| publisher = Spon
| title = Electro-Plating on Non-Metallic Substances
| year = 1921
| page = 132
}}</ref> Plumbago was commonly used in its [[crystal habit#Massive|massive]] mineral form. Both of these names arise from confusion with the similar-appearing [[lead]] ores, particularly [[galena]]. The Latin word for lead, ''[[plumbum]]'', gave its name to the English term for this grey metallic-sheened mineral and even to the leadworts or [[plumbago]]s, plants with flowers that resemble this colour.

The term ''black lead'' usually refers to a powdered or processed graphite, matte black in color.

[[Abraham Gottlob Werner]] coined the name ''graphite'' ("writing stone") in 1789. He attempted to clear up the confusion between molybdena, plumbago and black lead after [[Carl Wilhelm Scheele]] in 1778 proved that these were at least three different minerals. Scheele's analysis showed that the chemical compounds [[molybdenum sulfide]] ([[molybdenite]]), [[lead(II) sulfide]] ([[galena]]) and graphite were three different soft black minerals.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1467-968X.1908.tb00513.x | title = V.— the Meanings and Synonyms of Plumbago | year = 1908 | last1 = Evans | first1 = John W. | journal = Transactions of the Philological Society | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 133–179| url = https://zenodo.org/record/2111957 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author= Widenmann, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm |title= Handbuch des oryktognostischen Theils der Mineralogie: Mit einer Farbentabelle und einer Kupfertafel|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9QxQAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA653|year= 1794|publisher=Crusius|page= 653}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
| author = Scheele, C. W. K.
| title = Versuche mit Wasserbley; Molybdaena 
| journal = Svenska Vetensk. Academ. Handlingar
| page = 238
| year = 1779
| volume = 40
| url = http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PPN=PPN324352840_0040
}}
</ref>