Editing Grammatical aspect (section)

==== African American Vernacular English ====
The aspectual systems of certain dialects of English, such as [[African-American Vernacular English]] (see for example [[habitual be]]), and of [[English-based creole language|creoles]] based on English vocabulary, such as [[Hawaiian Creole English]], are quite different from those of standard English, and often reflect a more elaborate paradigm of aspectual distinctions (often at the expense of tense).<ref>Green, L. (1998). Aspect and predicate phrases in African-American vernacular English. ''African-American English: Structure, history, and use'', 37-68.</ref> The following table, appearing originally in Green (2002)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Green|first=Lisa J.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511800306/type/book|title=African American English: A Linguistic Introduction|date=2002-08-08|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81449-2|edition=1|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511800306}}</ref> shows the possible aspectual distinctions in AAVE in their prototypical, negative and [[Stress (linguistics)|stressed]]/emphatic affirmative forms:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Aspectual Marking in AAVE
!Aspect/Tense
!Prototypical
!Stressed / Emphatic Affirmative
!Negative
|-
|[[Habitual aspect|Habitual]]
|'be eating'
(see [[Habitual be]])
|'DO be eating'
|'don('t) be eating'
|-
|[[Remote past tense|Remote Past]]
|'BIN eating'
(see <ref>Harris, Alysia and Jim Wood. 2013. Stressed BIN. ''Yale Grammatical Diversity Project: English in North America''. (Available online at http://ygdp.yale.edu/phenomena/stressed-bin . Accessed on 2020-06-10). Updated by Tom McCoy (2015) and Katie Martin (2018).</ref>)
|'HAVE BIN eating'
|'ain('t)/haven't BIN eating'
|-
|Remote Past [[Completive aspect|Completive]]
|'BIN ate'
|'HAD BIN ate'
|'ain('t)/haven't BIN ate'
|-
|[[Preterite|Remote Past Perfect]]
|'had BIN ate'
|'HAD BIN ate'
|'hadn't BIN ate'
|-
|[[Resultative|Resultant State]]
|'dən ate'
|'HAVE dən ate'
|'ain('t) dən ate'
|-
|Past Perfect Resultant State
|'had dən ate'
|'HAD dən ate'
|'hadn't dən ate'
|-
|[[Modal verb|Modal]] Resultant State
|'should'a dən ate'
| --
| --
|-
|Remote Past Resultant State
|'BIN dən ate'
|'HAVE BIN dən ate'
|'ain('t)/haven't BIN dən ate'
|-
|Remote Past Perfect Resultant State
|'had BIN dən ate'
| --
| --
|-
|Future Resultant State/[[Conditional sentence|Conditional]]
|' 'a be dən ate'
|'WILL be dən ate'
|'won't be dən ate'
|-
|Modal Resultant State
|'might/may be dən ate'
|'MIGHT/MAY be dən ate'
|'might/may not be dən ate'
|}