Editing Golden eagle (section)

=== Eurasia ===
[[File:Steinadler Aquila chrysaetos closeup2 Richard Bartz.jpg|thumb|Portrait of a golden eagle near the [[Alps]]]]
In the [[Arctic]] fringe of Eurasia, golden eagles occur along the edge of the [[tundra]] and the [[taiga]] from the [[Kola peninsula]] to [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Anadyr]] in eastern [[Siberia]], nesting in forests and hunting over nearby arctic [[heath]]land. Typical vegetation is stunted, fragmented [[Larch|larch woodland]] merging into low [[birch]]-[[willow]] scrub and various heathland. In the rocky, wet, windy maritime climate of [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]], and western [[Scandinavia]], the golden eagle dwells in mountains. These areas include upland [[grassland]]s, [[blanket bog]], and sub-Arctic heaths but also fragmented woodland and [[woodland edge]], including [[Taiga|boreal forests]]. In Western Europe, golden eagle habitat is dominated by open, rough grassland, heath and bogs, and rocky ridges, spurs, [[Cliff|crags]], [[scree]], slopes and grand plateaux. In [[Sweden]], [[Finland]], the [[Baltic States]], [[Belarus]] and almost the entire distribution in [[Russia]] all the way to the [[Pacific Ocean]], golden eagles occur sparsely in lowland [[taiga]] forest. These areas are dominated by stands of evergreens such as [[pine]], [[larch]] and [[spruce]], occasionally supplemented by [[birch]] and [[alder]] stands in southern Scandinavia and the Baltic States. This is largely marginal country for golden eagles and they occur where tree cover is thin and abuts open habitat. Golden eagle taiga habitat usually consists of extensive peatland formations caused by poorly drained soils. 

In central Europe, golden eagles today occur almost exclusively in the major mountain ranges, such as the [[Pyrenees]], [[Alps]], [[Carpathians]], and the [[Caucasus]]. Here, the species nests near the [[tree line]] and hunt [[Transhumance in the Alps|subalpine and alpine pastures]], grassland and heath above. Golden eagles also occur in moderately mountainous habitat along the [[Mediterranean Sea]], from the [[Iberian Peninsula]] and the [[Atlas Mountains]] in [[Morocco]], to [[Greece]], [[Turkey]] and [[Iraq]]. This area is characterized by low mountains, Mediterranean [[Maquis shrubland|maquis vegetation]], and sub-temperate open woodland. The local [[pine]]-[[oak]] vegetation, with a variety of [[Sclerophyll]]ous shrubs are well-adapted to prolonged summer droughts. From [[Turkey]] and the southern [[Caspian Sea]] to the foothills of the [[Hindu Kush|Hindu Kush Mountains]] in [[Afghanistan]], the typical golden eagle habitat is temperate desert-like mountain ranges surrounded by steppe landscapes interspersed with forest. Here the climate is colder and more continental than around the Mediterranean. 

Golden eagles occupy the alpine ranges from the [[Altai Mountains]] and the [[Pamir Mountains]] to [[Tibet]], in the great [[Himalayas|Himalayan massif]], and [[Xinjiang]], [[China]], where they occupy the [[Tien Shan]] range.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} In these mountain ranges, the species often lives at very high elevations, living above tree line at more than {{convert|2500|m|ft|abbr=on}}, often nesting in rocky scree and hunting in adjacent meadows. In Tibet, golden eagles inhabit high ridges and passes in the [[Lhasa|Lhasa River watershed]], where they regularly join groups of soaring [[Himalayan vulture]]s (''Gyps himalayensis'').<ref>{{cite journal|author=Lang, A. |author2=Bishop, M.A. |author3=Le Seuer, A. |title=An annotated list of birds wintering in the Lhasa river watershed and Yamzho Yumco, Tibet Autonomous Region, China |journal=Forktail |volume=23 |year=2007 |url=http://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Lang-Lhasa.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Lang-Lhasa.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref> One golden eagle was recorded circling at {{convert|6190|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea-level in [[Khumbu]] in May 1975.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Inskipp, C. |author2=Inskipp, T. |title=A guide to the birds of Nepal |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |year=1991 |isbn=0713681098 |edition=2nd}}</ref> In the mountains of Japan and Korea, the golden eagle occupies deciduous scrub woodland and carpet-like stands of [[Siberian dwarf pine]] (''Pinus pumila'') that merge into grasslands and alpine heathland. 

The golden eagle occurs in mountains from the [[Adrar Plateau]] in [[Mauritania]] to northern [[Yemen]] and [[Oman]] where the [[desert]] habitat is largely bereft of vegetation but offers many rocky plateaus to support both the eagles and their prey. In [[Israel]], their habitat is mainly rocky slopes and wide [[wadi]] areas, chiefly in desert and to a lesser extent in semi-desert and Mediterranean climates, extending to open areas.<ref name="Shirhai">{{cite book |author1=Shirihai, H. |author2=Roselaar, C.S. |title=The Birds of Israel: A Complete Avifauna and Bird Atlas of Israel |publisher=Academic Press |year=1996 |isbn=0126402558 }}</ref> In [[Northeastern Africa]], the habitat is often of a sparse, desert-like character and is quite similar to the habitat in Middle East and the Arabian peninsula. In Ethiopia's [[Bale Mountains]], where the vegetation is more lush and the climate is clearly less arid than in Northeastern Africa, the golden eagle occupies verdant mountains.<ref name="Watson" />