Editing Glycine (section)

==Uses==
In the US, glycine is typically sold in two grades: [[United States Pharmacopeia]] ("USP"), and technical grade. USP grade sales account for approximately 80 to 85 percent of the U.S. market for glycine. If purity greater than the USP standard is needed, for example for [[intravenous]] injections, a more expensive pharmaceutical grade glycine can be used. Technical grade glycine, which may or may not meet USP grade standards, is sold at a lower price for use in industrial applications, e.g., as an agent in metal complexing and finishing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usitc.gov/publications/701_731/pub3980.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606111924/http://www.usitc.gov/publications/701_731/pub3980.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-06 |url-status=live |title=Glycine From Japan and Korea |date=January 2008 |publisher=U.S. International Trade Commission |access-date=2014-06-13}}</ref>

===Animal and human foods===
[[File:Cu(gly)2(OH2).png|thumb|Structure of ''cis''-Cu(glycinate)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Casari BM, Mahmoudkhani AH, Langer V |year=2004 |title=A Redetermination of ''cis''-Aquabis(glycinato-κ<sup>2</sup>''N,O'')copper(II) |journal=Acta Crystallogr. E |volume=60 |issue=12 |pages=m1949–m1951 |doi=10.1107/S1600536804030041}}</ref>]]
Glycine is not widely used in foods for its nutritional value, except in infusions. Instead, glycine's role in food chemistry is as a flavorant.  It is mildly sweet, and it counters the aftertaste of [[saccharine]].  It also has preservative properties, perhaps owing to its complexation to metal ions. Metal glycinate complexes, e.g. [[copper(II) glycinate]] are used as supplements for animal feeds.<ref name=Ull/>

{{As of|1971}}, the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] "no longer regards glycine and its salts as [[generally recognized as safe]] for use in human food",<ref>{{Cite web |title=eCFR :: 21 CFR 170.50 – Glycine (aminoacetic acid) in food for human consumption. |url=https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-170/subpart-C/section-170.50 |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=ecfr.gov}}</ref> and only permits food uses of glycine under certain conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=eCFR :: 21 CFR 172.812 – Glycine |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.812 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=ecfr.gov}}</ref>

Glycine has been researched for its potential to [[Life extension|extend life]].<ref name=":2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Johnson AA, Cuellar TL | title = Glycine and aging: Evidence and mechanisms | journal = Ageing Research Reviews | volume = 87 | page = 101922 | date = June 2023 | pmid = 37004845 | doi = 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101922 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Soh J, Raventhiran S, Lee JH, Lim ZX, Goh J, Kennedy BK, Maier AB | title = The effect of glycine administration on the characteristics of physiological systems in human adults: A systematic review | journal = GeroScience | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 219–239 | date = February 2024 | pmid = 37851316 | pmc = 10828290 | doi = 10.1007/s11357-023-00970-8 }}</ref> The proposed mechanisms of this effect are its ability to clear [[methionine]] from the body, and activating [[autophagy]].<ref name=":2" />

===Chemical feedstock===
Glycine is an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of chemical products. It is used in the manufacture of the [[herbicide]]s [[glyphosate]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stahl |first1=Shannon S. |last2=Alsters |first2=Paul L. |title=Liquid Phase Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis: Industrial Applications and Academic Perspectives |date=2016 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-3-527-69015-2 |page=268 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5-tDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA268 }}</ref> [[iprodione]], glyphosine, [[imiprothrin]], and eglinazine.<ref name=Ull/> It is used as an intermediate of [[antibiotic]]s such as [[thiamphenicol]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}

=== Laboratory research ===
Glycine is a significant component of some solutions used in the [[Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis|SDS-PAGE]] method of protein analysis. It serves as a buffering agent, maintaining pH and preventing sample damage during electrophoresis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schägger H | title = Tricine-SDS-PAGE | journal = Nature Protocols | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 16–22 | date = 2006-05-12 | pmid = 17406207 | doi = 10.1038/nprot.2006.4 }}</ref> Glycine is also used to remove protein-labeling antibodies from [[Western blot]] membranes to enable the probing of numerous proteins of interest from SDS-PAGE gel. This allows more data to be drawn from the same specimen, increasing the reliability of the data, reducing the amount of sample processing, and number of samples required.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Legocki RP, Verma DP | title = Multiple immunoreplica Technique: screening for specific proteins with a series of different antibodies using one polyacrylamide gel | journal = Analytical Biochemistry | volume = 111 | issue = 2 | pages = 385–392 | date = March 1981 | pmid = 6166216 | doi = 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90577-7 }}</ref> This process is known as stripping.