Editing Geyser (section)

=== Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand ===
{{Main|Taupō Volcanic Zone}}

The Taupō Volcanic Zone is located on New Zealand's [[North Island]]. It is {{convert|350|km|mi|0}} long by {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=mid|wide|0}} and lies over a [[subduction]] zone in the Earth's crust. [[Mount Ruapehu]] marks its southwestern end, while the submarine [[Whakatāne seamount]] ({{convert|85|km|disp=or|abbr=on}} beyond [[Whakaari / White Island]]) is considered its northeastern limit.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gamble |first1=J. A. |first2=I. C. |last2=Wright |first3=J. A. |last3=Baker |doi=10.1080/00288306.1993.9514588 |year=1993 |title=Seafloor geology and petrology in the oceanic to continental transition zone of the Kermadec-Havre-Taupo Volcanic Zone arc system, New Zealand |url=http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjgg/1993/40.php |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=417–435 |bibcode=1993NZJGG..36..417G |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122075312/http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjgg/1993/40.php |archive-date=22 November 2008}}</ref> Many geysers in this zone were destroyed due to [[Geothermal power|geothermal]] developments and a hydroelectric reservoir: only one geyser basin at [[Whakarewarewa]] remains.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Barrick |first=KA |title=Geyser Decline and Extinction in New Zealand—Energy Development Impacts and Implications for Environmental Management |journal=Environmental Management |volume=39 |pages=783–805 |year=2007 |issue=6 |doi=10.1007/s00267-005-0195-1 |pmid=17453282 |bibcode=2007EnMan..39..783B}}</ref>

In the beginning of the 20th century, the largest geyser ever known, the [[Waimangu Geyser]], existed in this zone. It began erupting in 1900 and erupted periodically for four years until a [[landslide]] changed the local [[water table]]. Eruptions of Waimangu would typically reach {{convert|160|m}} and some superbursts are known to have reached {{convert|500|m}}.<ref name="uweb" /> Recent scientific work indicates that the Earth's crust below the zone may be as little as {{convert|5|km|mi|0|spell=in}} thick. Beneath this lies a film of [[magma]] {{convert|50|km|-1}} wide and {{convert|160|km|-1}} long.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/4202557a11.html |title=Central North Island sitting on magma film |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107010456/http://www.stuff.co.nz/4202557a11.html |archive-date=7 January 2009 |first=Paul |last=Easton |newspaper=The Dominion Post |date=15 September 2007 |access-date=16 April 2008}}</ref>