Editing Georgian language (section)

==Grammar==
{{Main|Georgian grammar|Georgian verb paradigm}}

===Morphology===
Georgian is an [[agglutinative language]]. Certain prefixes and suffixes can be joined in order to build a verb. In some cases, one verb can have up to eight different morphemes in it at the same time. An example is ''ageshenebinat'' ('you [all] should've built [it]'). The verb can be broken down to parts: ''a-g-e-shen-eb-in-a-t''. Each morpheme here contributes to the meaning of the verb tense or the person who has performed the verb. The verb conjugation also exhibits [[polypersonalism]]; a verb may potentially include morphemes representing both the subject and the object.

====Morphophonology====
In Georgian [[morphophonology]], [[syncope (phonetics)|syncope]] is a common phenomenon. When a suffix (especially the plural suffix -''eb''-) is attached to a word that has either of the vowels ''a'' or ''e'' in the last syllable, this vowel is, in most words, lost. For example, ''megob'''a'''ri'' means 'friend'; ''megobrebi'' (''megob'''Ø'''rebi'') means 'friends', with the loss of ''a'' in the last syllable of the word stem.

====Inflection====
Georgian has seven noun cases: [[nominative case|nominative]], [[ergative case|ergative]], [[dative case|dative]], [[genitive case|genitive]], [[instrumental case|instrumental]], [[adverbial case|adverbial]] and [[vocative case|vocative]]. An interesting feature of Georgian is that, while the subject of a sentence is generally in the nominative case and the object is in the [[accusative case]] (or dative), one can find this reversed in many situations (this depends mainly on the character of the verb). This is called the [[dative construction]]. In the past tense of the transitive verbs, and in the present tense of the verb "to know", the subject is in the ergative case.

===Syntax===
* Georgian is a [[left-branching]] language, in which adjectives precede nouns, [[Possession (linguistics)|possessors]] precede possessions, objects normally precede verbs, and [[postpositions]] are used instead of [[prepositions]].
* Each postposition (whether a suffix or a separate word) requires the modified noun to be in a specific case. This is similar to the way prepositions govern specific cases in many [[Indo-European languages]] such as [[German language|German]], [[Latin language|Latin]], or [[Russian language|Russian]].
* Georgian is a [[pro-drop]] language; both subject and object pronouns are frequently omitted except for emphasis or to resolve ambiguity.
* A study by Skopeteas ''et al.'' concluded that Georgian word order tends to place the [[Focus (linguistics)|focus]] of a sentence immediately before the verb, and the [[Topic (linguistics)|topic]] before the focus.  A subject–object–verb ([[subject–object–verb|SOV]]) word order is common in idiomatic expressions and when the focus of a sentence is on the object.  A subject–verb–object ([[subject–verb–object|SVO]]) word order is common when the focus is on the subject, or in longer sentences.  Object-initial word orders ([[Object–subject–verb|OSV]] or [[Object–verb–subject|OVS]]) are also possible, but less common.  Verb-initial word orders including both subject and object ([[verb–subject–object|VSO]] or [[verb–object–subject|VOS]]) are extremely rare.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Skopeteas|Féry|Asatiani|2009|pp=2–5}}</ref>
* Georgian has no [[grammatical gender]]; even the pronouns are ungendered.
* Georgian has no [[Article (grammar)|article]]s. Therefore, for example, "guest", "a guest" and "the guest" are said in the same way. In [[relative clause]]s, however, it is possible to establish the meaning of the definite article through use of some particles.{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}}